金属及碳基材料电催化还原CO_(2)研究进展与展望

Progress and prospects of electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2) bymetal and carbon-based materials

随着全球工业化快速发展,化石燃料大量使用导致碳排放量急剧增加,造成严重环境问题。因此,寻找有效方法降低CO_(2)浓度以遏制全球变暖成为紧迫任务。目前,减少CO_(2)主要策略包括限制传统化石能源使用和将多余CO_(2)转化为高附加值化学品。由于经济发展仍极度依赖化石能源,简单地限制其使用存在显著困难。因此,高效转化CO_(2)成为高附加值化学品显得尤为关键。在众多CO_(2)转化技术(生物还原、热化学加氢还原、光电化学及电化学还原CO_(2))中,电化学还原CO_(2)因其高效性和良好的工业应用前景而显得尤为突出。基于此,对CO_(2)转化技术、电催化还原CO_(2)原理、主要产物、反应途径、评价参数及目前发展迅速的金属基及非金属碳基材料电催化剂的研究现状进行了综述。金属基和非金属碳基材料的结合能够提高催化剂的催化活性,具有良好的研究前景。从新型高效低成本催化剂开发及其形貌和表面活性位点的微观调控,利用原位表征技术和密度泛函理论计算加深对反应机理的揭示,加快组装器件设计开发、促进CO_(2)RR工业应用等方面提出CO_(2)RR未来发展方向。

With the rapid development of global industrialization,the massive use of fossil fuels has led to a sharp increase in carbon emissions,causing serious environmental problems.Therefore,it has become an urgent task to find effective ways to reduce carbon dioxide concentration to curb global warming.Currently,the main strategies to reduce CO_(2)include limiting the use of traditional fossil energy sources and converting excess CO_(2)into high value-added chemicals.Since economic development is still heavily dependent on fossil energy,there are significant difficulties in simply restricting its use.Therefore,efficient conversion of CO_(2)into high value-added chemicals is crucial.Among the many CO_(2)conversion technologies(bioreduction,thermochemical hydrogenation reduction,photoelectrochemistry,and electrochemical CO_(2)reduction),electrochemical CO_(2)reduction stands out due to its high efficiency and good prospects for industrial applications.Based on this,this paper reviewed the current research status of carbon dioxide conversion technology,the principle of electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide,main products,reaction pathways,evaluation parameters,and electrocatalysts of metal-based and non-metallic carbon-based materials,which were developing rapidly at present.The combination of metal-based and non-metal carbon-based materials can improve the catalytic activity of the catalysts and has good research prospects.The following outlooks were proposed for CO_(2)RR which were the development of new efficient and low-cost catalysts,and the micro-regulation of their morphology and surface active sites,the deepening of the revelation of the reaction mechanism by using in-situ characterization techniques and density-functional theory calculations,the acceleration of the design and development of the assembled devices to promote the industrial application of CO_(2)RR.