超疏水涂层防覆冰技术研究进展

Research Progress of Anti-Icing Technology of Superhydrophobic Coating

覆冰现象时刻威胁着电力系统的安全运行,过去几十年里,研究人员采用各种措施来预防电力设备表面覆冰,但这些措施都无法从根本上解决该问题。超疏水涂层由于具有独特的微纳米结构及低表面能物质,在低温环境下,能够延缓结冰且降低表面的冰附着力。从超疏水涂层的防覆冰机理入手,重点综述国内外超疏水涂层防覆冰的实验研究现状,并将影响防覆冰性能的因素分为环境因素和基底因素,分析当前方案的局限性,同时阐述提高超疏水涂层机械鲁棒性的设计与制备方面的最新进展,最后提出超疏水涂层在电力系统应用中存在的问题以及未来的发展方向。该综述有助于研究人员建立评估超疏水涂层的防覆冰性能的试验规范,并推进超疏水涂层防覆冰技术在电力系统中的应用。

Icing always threatens the safe operation of power system.In the past few decades,researchers have taken various measures to prevent the icing on the surface of power equipments,but these measures can not fundamentally solve this problem.Due to its unique micro-nano structure and low surface energy materials,superhydrophobic coating can delay icing and reduce the adhesion ability of surface ice at low temperature.Therefore,started with the anti-icing mechanism of superhydrophobic coating,this paper focuses on the experimental research status of anti-icing of superhydrophobic coating at home and abroad,divides the factors affecting the anti-icing performance into environmental factors and substrate factors,analyzes the limitations of the current schemes,and expounds the latest design and preparation progress on improving the mechanical robustness of superhydrophobic coating.Finally,the problems existing in the application of superhydrophobic coating in power system and the future development direction are put forward.This review is helpful for researchers to establish test specifications for evaluating the anti-icing performance of superhydrophobic coatings and promote their application in power system.