《四库全书》誊校考评制度及其变迁

The Evaluation System for the Transcription and Proofreading of Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature and its Transformation

《四库全书》的誊录、校对并非常设,一般不给俸禄,为了保证缮写、校对效率和誊录、校勘质量,朝廷制定了一套严格的考评制度,并打开了藉由四库誊校破格参与铨选的特殊通道,这对办理《四库全书》的顺利进行起到了一定的推动和保障作用。然而,办书日久,这一考评体系在运行过程中也出现了一些问题,导致誊校质量难以保证,甚者出现了几次较为严重的责任事故,使得乾隆帝为之震怒,不得不对这一制度进行了改革和整肃。梳理四库誊校考评制度的基本内容、规则流程以及改革变迁,对于做好当代图书编校工作有一定的借鉴意义。

There was no regular position officially set for the transcription and proofreading of Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature.Also,those who did this work usually re-ceived no salary.In order to ensure the efficiency and the quality of transcribing and proofread-ing,the imperial court established a strict system of evaluating the transcribers and proofreaders,and offered an exceptional chance for them to be nominated in the selection of officials.This to some extent facilitated and guaranteed the advancing of Four Branches work.Overtime,however,some problems arose in the operation of the evaluation system,which led to a decrease of the transcripts'quality.There were even several serious mistakes,which iritated Emperor Qianlong.Consequently,the system had to be reformed and reorganized.This article tries to delineate the basic elements,the rules and procedures,and the transforming of the evaluation system.It hopes to offer insights for book editing in the contemporary era.