盐雾环境对典型步枪自动机运动影响

Research on the Influence of Salt Spray Environment on the Movement of Typical Rifle Automaton

盐雾环境对自动步枪战术技术性能和作战效能有着重要影响,但目前对盐雾环境对自动机运动特性和故障的影响机理尚不明确。以某小口径自动步枪为试验对象,设计并进行盐雾全寿命试验,在每次盐雾后通过高速摄影非接触测量自动机运动、高精度天平测量枪机框质量、簧力测试仪测量复进簧参数;对枪机框及导轨表面形貌特征进行拍照,统计全寿命过程中故障情况,获得自动机运动典型故障类型。研究结果表明:随着盐雾时间增长,枪机框质量逐渐增加;复进簧自由长度及预压力逐渐减小,工作压力先减小、后趋于平缓;自动机后坐到位速度先减小、后增大;复进开始及复进到位速度逐渐减小,且二者具有相同变化趋势。盐雾使自动机后座到位速度减小,自动机运动故障次数增多,盐雾环境引起的多参数变化对自动机故障频次影响明显。在试验研究的基础上,构建枪机框质量、复进簧参数、特征点速度随时间变化定量关系公式,为推断盐雾环境自动机运动件参数变化状况和分析其对故障的影响提供参考依据。

Salt spray environment has an important influence on the tactical and technical performance and operational effectiveness of automatic rifles.However,the influence mechanism of salt spray environment on the motion characteristics and failure of rifle automaton is still unclear.A small caliber automatic rifle is taken as the test object,and a life-test in salt spray environment is designed and carried out.A series of measurements and records are carried out on the rifle after each salt spray test,including non-contact measurement of automaton motion by high-speed photography,high precision measurement of the mass of rifle bolt,recoil spring parameters test,and photographic record of bolt box and guide rail surface morphology characteristics.The conditions of failure during the life-test are counted to obtain the typical fault patterns of automaton movement.The results show that the mass of rifle bolt increases gradually with the increase in salt spray test time.The free length and pre-pressure of the recoil spring gradually decrease,and the working pressure tends to be flat after decreasing.The speed at which the bolt carrier recoils to position decreases first and then increases.The speeds at which the bolt begins to return and returns to the original position decrease gradually,and they have the same changing trend.With the decrease of the speed at which the bolt carrier recoils to position,the number of motion faults of the automaton increases,and the multi-parameter changes caused by the salt spray environment have an obvious influence on the automaton motion.Based on the experimental study,the quantitive relation formulas for the changes of the mass of rifle bolt,the recoil spring parameters and the characteristic point velocity with time are built.Quantitive relation formulas provide a reference for inferring the parameter changes of moving parts of automaton in salt spray environment and analyzing their influences on faults in motion.