近代来华传教士雒魏林对《种痘法》的翻译及原因分析

The Translation of"Inoculation for Smallpox"by Missionary William Lockhart Who Came to China in Modern Times and the Reason Analysis of His Translation

《种痘法》是中国人痘术理论技术经验的结晶,被多位近代来华传教士翻译成英文传至西方,尤其以雒魏林的译本最为完整,虽然其译本存在错译、漏译现象,但对该书完整地传至西方贡献很大。雒魏林翻译该书的原因有三:一是中医对天花的病因病机认识深刻且治疗规范成熟;二是部分种痘法则契合现代西医理念;三是希望通过种痘慈善活动开拓医疗传教事业。《种痘法》是19世纪初来华新教传教士翻译的中医著作的代表,反映了在近代西医东渐过程中,中医并非只是单一受西方医学影响的对象,某些传统中医的理论和技术同样具有超前性和现代性,对当时世界医学的发展做出了重要贡献。

"Inoculation for Smallpox"is the culmination of Chinese smallpox theory,technique,and experience.It was translated into English by many missionaries who came to China in modern times and disseminated to the West,with William Lockhart's translation being the most comprehensive.Although there were errors and omissions in his translation,he had made a great contribution to the complete transmission of the book to the West.There are three reasons why William Lockhart translated this book:firstly,Traditional Chinese Medicine has a profound understanding of the etiology and pathology,and treatment of smallpox;secondly,some of the inoculation rules in the book are aligned with modern western medicine concepts;thirdly,he hoped to develop medical missionary careers through charitable vaccination activities.The"Inoculation for Smallpox"was a representative of the translation of Chinese medical works by Protestant missionaries in China in the early 19th century,reflecting that during the westernization of medicine,Traditional Chinese Medicine was not merely influenced by western medicine but also had forward-looking and modern aspects.It had an impact on the development of world medicine at the time and made significant contributions.