摘要
[目的]土壤颗粒态有机碳(POC)和矿物结合态有机碳(MAOC)是土壤有机碳库的主要组成,了解施用生物炭对其含量变化及其在土壤总有机碳中的占比和化学组成特征,对认识土壤有机碳动态变化具有重要意义。[方法]于2019年,分别在杭州市富阳区的酸性和石灰性水稻土上进行猪粪生物炭施用量和方法定位试验,种植制度为单季水稻。试验设置6个处理:常规施化肥(NPK),NPK基础上施用猪粪4.5 t/(hm^(2)·a)(SM),NPK基础上施用猪粪生物炭4.5 t/(hm^(2)·a)(SBc1)、11.25 t/(hm^(2)·a)(SBc2)、22.5 t/(hm^(2)·a)(SBc3),以及猪粪生物炭一次性施用112.5 t/hm^(2)(SBc4)。2021年(第3年)水稻收获后,采集0-20 cm耕层土壤样品,分析其基本理化性质,并将土壤样品分为250~2000μm(粗颗粒态有机物),53~250μm(细颗粒态有机物)和<53μm(矿物结合态有机物)3个粒级,分析各粒级土壤中有机碳含量以及占比,并采用傅里叶红外光谱仪分析了各粒级土壤有机碳的特征光谱,以特征光谱峰值半定量性的评估了有机碳组成的变化。[结果]与SM处理相比,酸性水稻土中SBc3、SBc4处理土壤有机碳含量分别显著增加了49.4%和103.3%,石灰性水稻土中土壤有机碳含量分别增加了42.2%和53.0%。与SM处理相比,4个猪粪生物炭处理显著增加了酸性水稻土粗颗粒态有机碳(C-POC)含量137.8%~554.1%,细颗粒态有机碳(F-POC)含量37.6%~85.2%(P<0.05);SBc3和SBc4处理分别显著增加了石灰性水稻土中C-POC含量110.0%和203.0%,F-POC含量54.8%和96.0%(P<0.05);与SM处理相比,4个猪粪生物炭处理对两种水稻土MAOC含量的影响均不显著(P>0.05)。傅里叶红外光谱特征测定结果表明,施用猪粪和猪粪生物炭对两种水稻土各粒级中主要有机化合物的类型无显著影响,但会影响其比例,与NPK处理相比,SBc3和SBc4处理分别显著增加了酸性水稻土有机碳中芳香族化合物的比例19.5%和38.0%,降低了酚醇碳族化合物的比例7.8%和17.9%,显著降低了石灰性水稻土有机碳中芳香族化合物的比例21.0%和19.1%,增加了酚醇族化合物的比例19.1%和33.2%(P<0.05)。[结论]对于较高的猪粪生物炭施用量,不论一次性施用还是逐年施用均可显著增加水稻土总有机碳含量,且粗颗粒有机碳增加幅度大于细颗粒,而对矿物结合态有机碳含量无显著影响。施用猪粪生物炭对土壤有机碳主要组成有机化合物无显著影响,但会增加酸性水稻土有机碳的稳定性,而降低石灰性水稻土有机碳的稳定性。相同施用量下,猪粪生物炭提高酸性水稻土有机碳含量的作用高于石灰性水稻土。本试验结果可为猪粪生物炭在农田的科学应用提供技术支撑和理论依据。
[Objectives]Soil particulate organic carbon(POC)and mineral-associated organic carbon(MAOC)are the main components of soil organic carbon pool.Understand the changes in their content caused by the application of biochar,their proportion in the total soil organic carbon and their chemical composition characteristics.It is of great significance for understanding the dynamic changes of soil organic carbon.[Methods]A positioning experiment of swine manure biochar application amount and method was conducted on acidic and calcareous paddy soil in Fuyang District,Hangzhou City in 2019.The planting system was single-crop rice.The experiment set up 6 treatments:conventional application of chemical fertilizer(NPK),based on NPK,application of swine manure 4.5 t/(hm^(2)·a)(SM),application of swine manure biochar 4.5 t/(hm^(2)·a)(SBc1),11.25 t/(hm^(2)·a)(SBc2),22.5 t/(hm^(2)·a)(SBc3),and one-time application of swine manure biochar 112.5 t/hm^(2)(SBc4)based on NPK fertilizer.After the rice harvest in 2021(the third year),soil samples were collected from the 0-20 cm plow layer and their basic physical and chemical properties were determined.And the soil samples were divided into three particle sizes:250-2000μm(coarse particulate organic matter),53-250μm(fine particulate organic matter)and<53μm(mineral-bound organic matter).The content and proportion of organic carbon in soil at each particle size were analyzed.Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was employed to analyze the characteristic spectrum of soil organic carbon at each particle size,and used the characteristic spectrum peaks provide a semi-quantitative assessment of changes in organic carbon composition.[Results]Compared with SM treatment,the soil organic carbon content of SBc3 and SBc4 treatments in acidic paddy soil increased significantly by 49.4%and 103.3%,and the soil organic carbon content in calcareous paddy soil increased by 42.2%and 53.0%.Compared with SM,the four swine manure biochar treatments significantly increased the coarse particulate organic carbon(C-POC)content of acid paddy soil by 137.8%-554.1%,and the fine particulate organic carbon(F-POC)content by 37.6%-85.2%(P<0.05);SBc3 and SBc4 treatments significantly increased the C-POC content in calcareous paddy soil by 110.0%and 203.0%,and the F-POC content by 54.8%and 96.0%(P<0.05),respectively.The effect of four swine manure biochar treatments on the MAOC content of the two paddy soils was not significant(P>0.05).Fourier transform infrared spectrum characteristic results showed that the application of swine manure and swine manure biochar had no significant impact on the types of main organic compounds in each particle size of the two paddy soils,but it would affect their proportions.Compared with NPK treatment,SBc3 and SBc4 treatments significantly increased the proportion of aromatic carbon in acidic paddy soil by 19.5%and 38.0%,and significantly reduced the proportion of phenolic alcohol carbon in acidic paddy soil by 7.8%and 17.9%.In addition,the proportion of aromatic carbon in calcareous paddy soil was reduced by 21.0%and 19.1%,but the proportion of phenolic alcohol carbon was increased by 19.1%and 33.2%(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Higher application rates of swine manure biochar,regardless of one-time application or annual application,can significantly increase the total organic carbon content of paddy soil,and the increase in coarse-grained organic carbon is greater than that of fine particles,but has no significant effect on the content of mineral-associated organic carbon.The application of swine manure biochar has no significant effect on the main organic compounds of soil organic carbon,but it will increase the stability of organic carbon in acidic paddy soil and reduce the stability of organic carbon in calcareous paddy soil.At the same application rate,the effect of swine manure biochar on increasing the organic carbon content of acidic paddy soil is higher than that of calcareous paddy soil.The results of this experiment can provide technical support and theoretical basis for the scientific application of swine manure biochar in farmland.
作者
袁梦婷
李子川
孟俊
张敏
叶郑豪
单胜道
胡敏骏
徐君
柴彦君
YUAN Meng-ting;LI Zi-chuan;MENG Jun;ZHANG Min;YE Zheng-hao;SHAN Sheng-dao;HU Min-jun;XU Jun;CHAI Yan-jun(Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Waste Biomass Recycling and Ecological Treatment Technology/College of Environment and Resources,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310023,China;Hangzhou Fuyang District Agriculture and Rural Bureau Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311400,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期441-456,共16页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0196000)。
关键词
猪粪生物炭
水稻土
颗粒态有机碳
矿物结合态有机碳
分子结构
swine manure biochar
paddy soil
particulate organic carbon
mineral-associated organic carbon
molecular structure