论义务教育均等化对西部地区教育代际流动性的影响——基于义务教育“两基”计划的实证研究

The Equalization of Compulsory Education and Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Western China——An empirical study based on the"Two Development Plans"of the compulsory education

基于中国家庭追踪调查2020年数据,并使用家族固定效应模型控制先天效应的影响,考察了义务教育“两基”攻坚计划对西部地区教育代际流动性的影响及其机制。研究发现:“两基”计划的实施没有促进西部地区家庭由先天效应和培养效应共同实现的教育代际流动性,但显著提高了由培养效应实现的教育代际流动性。异质性与机制分析发现,“两基”计划对教育代际流动性的作用不存在性别差异,并且与高收入家庭和高学历家庭相比,该计划对提高西部地区中、低收入家庭和低学历家庭由培养效应实现的教育代际流动性的作用更显著;“两基”计划通过减缓家庭社会经济背景对子代教育的影响,从而提高教育代际流动性。在不同教育层级上,“两基”计划对教育代际流动性的改善主要发生在较低的教育层级上,并显著促进了父代受教育水平在高中以下家庭的教育代际向上流动性。

By using the CFPS 2020 dataset and the family fixed effect model,an empirical study has been done on the effect of the"Two Development Plans"of the Compulsory Education on the intergenerational educational mo-bility in the western regions of China.The result shows that,the implementation of the"Two Development Plans"did not increase the intergenerational educational mobility realized by both the nature and nurture effect,but sig-nificantly increases the intergenerational educational mobility realized by only the nurture effect in Western Chi-na.The result of the heterogeneity and mechanism analysis suggests that,there is no gender difference in the ef-fect of the Plans on promoting the intergenerational educational mobility realized by the nurture effect.However,compared with the children whose parents are well-educated with high income,the Plans has a more significant effect on increasing the intergenerational educational mobility realized by the nurture effect of the children whose parents are less-education with low income in Western China.The Plans can weaken the effect of family socioeconomic background on intergenerational educational investment,therefore,promotes the intergenerational educational mobility.Further analysis reveals that,the effect of the Plans on intergenerational educational mobili-ty have occurred mainly at the lower levels of education and have contributed significantly to the upward mobility of intergenerational education in families where the father's education level is below senior high school.