打印方向对增材制造304L不锈钢微观结构及力学性能的影响

Printing Direction to Additive Manufacturing 304L Stainless Steel Effect of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

增材制造技术已被广泛应用于航空工业、汽车工业等各个领域。本文利用选择性激光熔融(Selective Laser Melting;SLM)技术加工得到304L不锈钢材料,并对其微观结构和力学性能进行研究。试验中,利用光学显微镜(OM)和电子背散射衍射仪(EBSD)对材料的不同截面进行微观观察;同时对水平打印试样和竖直打印试样进行单轴拉伸试验。试验结果表明,SLM技术加工得到的304L不锈钢的微观结构具有各向异性,垂直于打印方向和平行于打印方向的微观形貌具有显著的差异,同时材料内部存在较大的残余变形。

Additive manufacturing technology has been widely used in the aviation industry,automobile industry and other fields.In this paper,304L stainless steel was processed by selective laser melting(Selective Laser Melting;SLM)technology,and its microstructure and mechanical properties were studied.In the test,optical microscope(OM)and electron backscattering diffraction instrument(EBSD).The test results show that the microstructure of 304L stainless steel processed by SLM technology is anisotropic,the micromorphology is vertical to and parallel to the printing direction,and there is a large residual deformation inside the material.