遵义市植烟土壤肥力综合评价及空间分布

Soil integrated fertility index and spatial distribution in Zunyi tobacco-planting area

了解遵义市植烟土壤综合肥力状况,为烟草种植规划提供理论支持。在遵义市13个区(县)168个乡镇采集3772份植烟土壤样品进行化学性状测定,运用模糊数学法评估植烟土壤肥力状况,采用Kriging插值法绘制植烟土壤化学性状和综合肥力评价空间分布图。结果表明:①遵义市植烟土壤酸碱度、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量相互间呈极显著相关关系;有机质、碱解氮含量达到高或较高水平,土壤有效磷、速效钾含量较高,保障了烤烟生长所需的主要营养;②植烟土壤各肥力指标具有明显的空间变异特征,有机质与碱解氮分布基本一致,呈现极大的关联性,有机质、碱解氮和有效磷为斑块状分布态势,土壤pH值和速效钾呈块状分布。其中钾含量较高的区域与土壤pH值较低区域基本一致;③遵义市植烟土壤肥力综合评价得分为0.73,变异系数为16.8%,Ⅰ~Ⅲ级合计占比超过93%,遵义市植烟土壤肥力状况较好,空间变异较小。综合来看,遵义市植烟土壤肥力能供给优质烟叶生产的需求,但部分地区仍需加强有机肥、氮肥的使用,针对不同区域的肥力差异进行改良。

The soil integrated fertility index of tobacco-planting soil in Zunyi city was explored to provide theoretical support for tobacco planting management.The 3772 soil samples were collected from 168 towns in 13 districts(counties)in tobacco planting area of Zunyi city for chemical properties determination.The soil fertility of tobacco planting area was evaluated by fuzzy mathematics.Kriging interpolation method was used to draw the spatial distribution map of soil chemical properties and comprehensive fertility evaluation.The results showed as follows:(1)The contents of pH,organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly correlated.The contents of organic matter and alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen reached high or higher level.The content of available phosphorus and available potassium was relatively high.The nutrients required for the growth of flue-cured tobacco were guaranteed.(2)The fertility index of tobacco soil had obvious spatial variation characteristics.The distribution of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were basically consistent,showing a great correlation.Organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus were distributed in patches,while soil pH and available potassium were distributed in blocks.Among them,the regions with higher potassium content were basically consistent with the regions with lower soil pH.(3)The comprehensive evaluation score of tobacco soil fertility in Zunyi city was 0.73,and the variation coefficient was 16.8%.The total proportion of grade I to III was more than 93%.The soil fertility of tobacco planting area was positive,and the spatial variation was small.In conclusion,the tobacco soil fertility in Zunyi city can supply the demand of high-quality tobacco production,but the use of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer still needs to be strengthened in some counties,and improvement should depend on the comprehensive evaluation and spatial distribution of soil fertility in the tobacco planting area of Zunyi city.