化肥减量配施有机肥对樱桃番茄土壤生物学特性及产量、品质的影响

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer application on soil biological characteristics,yield and quality of cherry tomato

研究化肥减量配施有机肥对土壤酶和微生物以及樱桃番茄生长发育、产量与品质的影响,以明确樱桃番茄在南方黄壤下对化肥减量配施有机肥的响应,为樱桃番茄高产优质生产技术及土壤培肥提供参考。以樱桃番茄为研究对象,在施用菌棒有机肥5.0 t/hm^(2)的基础上共设置6个处理,分别为CK(常规施肥)、T1(化肥减量10%)、T2(化肥减量20%)、T3(化肥减量30%)、T4(化肥减量40%)和T5(化肥减量50%)。结果表明:化肥减量配施有机肥分别平均提高了土壤酸性磷酸酶活性8.8%、蔗糖酶活性14.6%和纤维素酶活性31.9%,降低过氧化物酶活性14.9%,而过量减肥(T4、T5)显著降低脲酶活性;化肥减量10%~50%配施有机肥,单穗果数分别增加20.8%、18.3%、17.3%、12.9%和12.7%,产量分别提高10.6%、10.5%、8.4%、0.6%和0.2%;改善樱桃番茄的品质,可溶性糖含量提高了0.9%~8.2%、可溶性固形物含量提高了4.7%~11.3%、维生素C含量提高了1.3%~3.5%,可滴定性酸含量降低了8.5%~12.8%,糖酸比提高了1.0%~2.5%。因此,在常规施肥的基础上化肥减量20~30%,同时配施5.0 t/hm^(2)有机肥为最适宜的养分管理策略。

The effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on soil enzymes and microorganisms,growth,yield and quality of cherry tomato were studied,in order to clarify the response of cherry tomato to fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer in yellow soil in southern China,and to provide reference for high yield and quality production technology of cherry tomato and soil fertilizer cultivation.Taking cherry tomato‘feijiao’as the research object,six treatments were set up on the basis of 5.0 t/hm^(2)organic fertilizer application,namely CK(conventional fertilization),T1(10%reduction of chemical fertilizer),T2(20%reduction of chemical fertilizer),T3(30%reduction of chemical fertilizer),T4(40%reduction of chemical fertilizer)and T5(50%reduction of chemical fertilizer).The results showed that the activities of acid phosphatase,sucrase and cellulase in soil were increased by 8.8%,14.6%and 31.9%with chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer,respectively,and catalase activities were decreased by 14.9%,while the activities of urease were decreased by excessive reduction of chemical fertilizer(T4,T5).The chemical fertilizer reduced by 10%-50%,the number of fruits per panicle increased by 20.8%,18.3%,17.3%,12.9%and 12.7%,respectively,and the yield increased by 10.6%,10.5%,8.4%,0.6%and 0.2%,respectively.The quality of cherry tomato was improved,the soluble sugar content was increased by 0.9%-8.2%,the soluble solid content was increased by 4.7%-11.3%,the vitamin C content was increased by 1.3%-3.5%,the content of edible acid was decreased by 8.5%-12.8%,and the sugar-acid ratio was increased by 1.0%-2.5%.Therefore,the most suitable nutrient management strategy was to reduce the amount of conventional chemical fertilizer by 20%-30%and apply moderate organic fertilizer by 5.0 t/hm^(2).