溶磷菌剂对玉米幼苗生长及根际土壤细菌群落结构和磷素形态的影响

Effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the growth of maize seedling and bacterial community structure and phosphorus fractions in rhizosphere soil

以FD11(普瑞斯特氏菌Priestia sp.)和CH07(阿氏芽孢杆菌Bacillus aryabhattai)两种溶磷菌剂为试验材料,进行菌剂灌根盆栽试验,测定溶磷菌剂施用对玉米生长、根际土壤养分、土壤微生物特性及土壤不同形态磷含量的影响。结果表明,施用溶磷菌剂可改善根际土壤养分特征和微生物学特性,增加根际土壤的活性磷源含量,对玉米幼苗表现出良好的促生作用。与不施菌剂相比,FD11处理玉米幼苗的株高、茎粗、地上部干重分别增加31.88%、36.39%、104.00%;根际土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别增加了21.90%、107.67%、5.77%。施用溶磷菌剂的土壤H_(2)O-Pi(Pi为无机磷)、NaHCO_(3)-P和NaOH-P含量增加,但HCl-Pi和Residual-P含量显著降低。施用溶磷菌剂改变了玉米根际土壤细菌的群落结构,在细菌属分类学水平上,不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属、海洋杆菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、节杆菌属等功能细菌的相对丰度显著增加。综合以上分析,施用溶磷菌剂显著提高了土壤速效养分含量,改变了根际土壤细菌的群落结构,增加了活性磷源的含量,从而改善了土壤肥力,促进玉米根系发育和幼苗生长。此项研究可为新型微生物菌肥的研发提供理论依据。

Two phosphate-solubilizing agents FD11(Priestia sp.)and CH07(Bacillus aryabhattai)were used as experimental materials to carry out pot experiment of maize root irrigation.The effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria agents on maize growth,soil nutrients,soil microbial properties and the contents of different forms of phosphorus in rhizosphere soil were studied.The results showed that the application of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria improved the nutrient and microbiological characteristics of rhizosphere soil,increased the content of active phosphorus source in rhizosphere soil,promoted the growth of maize roots,and showed a good growth promotion effect on maize seedlings.Compared with no inoculant,the plant height,stem diameter and aboveground dry weight of maize seedlings treated with FD11 increased by 31.88%,36.39%and 104.00%,respectively,while the available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in rhizosphere soil increased by 21.90%,107.67%and 5.77%,respectively.The contents of H_(2)O-Pi(Pi represents inorganic P),NaHCO_(3)-P and NaOH-P increased,but the contents of HCl-Pi and residual-P decreased significantly.The application of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria affected the bacterial community structure in maize rhizosphere soil.At genus level of soil bacterial taxonomy,the relative abundance of functional bacteria such as Acinetobacter,Pseudomonas,Pontibacter,Sphingobacterium and Arthrobacter increased significantly.In conclusion,the application of phosphatesolubilizing bacteria significantly increased the content of soil available nutrients,changed the community structure of soil bacteria in rhizosphere soil,and increased the content of active phosphorus source,thus improving soil fertility and promoting root development and seedling growth of maize.This study can provide theoretical basis for the research of new microbial fertilizer.