毛竹入侵杉木林对土壤真菌群落多样性的影响

The effects of Phyllostachys edulis invasion in Cunninghamia lanceolata forest on the diversity of fungal community

为揭示凤阳山毛竹入侵杉木林后土壤真菌群落结构组成和多样性的变化,采用Illumina Miseq测序技术,分析杉木纯林、毛竹纯林及毛竹入侵后的杉木林真菌群落结构特征。结果表明:3种林型的土壤真菌类群为26门60纲113属415 OTU,子囊菌门和担子菌门是绝对优势的两个菌门。两者的丰度占真菌总量80.80%~83.92%,在3种林型间均不存在显著差异。识别出的1%以上的优势菌纲有8个,为古根菌纲、伞菌纲、粪壳菌纲、锤舌菌纲、银耳纲、球囊菌纲、散囊菌纲和酵母菌纲。古根菌纲和伞菌纲占真菌总量的50.82%~75.40%。古根菌纲在毛杉混交林的相对丰度显著高于毛竹纯林(P<0.05),与杉木纯林无显著差异。Archaeorhizomyces为优势菌属(20.07%~51.51%)且在毛杉混交林中最高、在毛竹纯林最低,毛杉混交林中全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量均显著低于杉木纯林和毛竹纯林。土壤真菌优势菌属水平丰度与土壤环境因子的斯皮尔曼相关性分析表明,全磷与Meliniomyces、毛壳菌属、Hodophilus、瓶霉属、Heterocephalacria呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与Wickerhamomyces呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。毛竹入侵杉木林后土壤理化性质变化显著,全磷、有效磷、pH、速效钾和碳磷比是影响土壤真菌群落结构的主要环境因子,研究结果可为控制毛竹扩张,维护生态稳定和多样性提供科学依据。

This study aimed to reveal the changes of soil fungal community structure and diversity after Phyllostachys edulis(moso bamboo)invaded Cunninghamia lanceolata(Chinese fir)forest in Fengyang mountain.Illumina Miseq highthroughput sequencing technology was used and the soil physical and chemical properties were measured to assess the composition and structure of fungal community across the pure Chinese fir forest,pure moso bamboo forest and Chinese fir forest mixed with moso bamboo.There were 26 phyla,60 classes,113 genera and 415 operational taxonomic units(OTU)in the 3 plantations.The dominant fungal phylum groups were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota,and the sum of their relative abundances were 80.80%-83.92%,there was no significant difference between the 2 dominant fungus of the 3 plantations.Archaeorhizomycetes,Agaricomycetes,Sordariomycetes,Leotiomycetes,Tremellomycetes,Glomeromycetes,Eurotiomycetes and Saccharomycetes were relatively abundant classes in the 3 plantations,the relative abundances of Archaeorhizomycetes and Agaricomycetes accounted for 50.82%-75.40%.Archaeorhizomycetes was significantly higher in Chinese fir forest mixed with moso bamboo than that in pure moso bamboo forest(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference with pure Chinese fir forest.Archaeorhizomyces was the dominant genus(20.07%-51.51%),which was the highest in Chinese fir forest mixed with moso bamboo and the lowest in pure moso bamboo forest,the contents of total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and available potassium in Chinese fir forest mixed with moso bamboo were significantly lower than those in pure Chinese fir forest and pure moso bamboo forest.Spearman correlation analysis between abundance of dominant genera of soil fungi and soil environmental factors showed that,total phosphorus had significant positive correlation with Meliniomyces,Chaetomium,Hodophilus,Phialophora,Heterocephalacria(P<0.05),and Wickerhamomyces(P<0.01).The physical and chemical properties of soil changed significantly after Phyllostachys edulis invaded Cunninghamia lanceolata forest.The total phosphorus,available phosphorus,pH,available potassium and carbon and phosphorus ratio were the main factors affecting the community structure of soil fungi.This study can provide a scientific basis for controlling the expansion of Phyllostachys edulis and maintaining forest ecological stability and diversity.