植物促生菌暹罗芽孢杆菌37402-1的功能特性及对大蒜的促生效果

Functional characteristics of Bacillus siamensis 37402-1 and its growth-promoting effect on garlic

大蒜(Allium sativum L.)是我国的重要经济作物,主产地连作障碍严重,其种植生产的持续性受到制约。植物根际促生菌(PGPR)能够促进植物生长、防治病害且对环境友好。研制高效防控大蒜土传病害的微生物肥料对我国大蒜产业可持续发展和绿色发展有着重要的生态学和现实意义。以实验室前期从山东省金乡县连作大蒜根部分离的细菌为供试菌株,筛选获得对大蒜根腐病病原真菌尖刀镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)ACCC37402和拟枝孢镰刀菌(Fusarium sporotrichioides)ACCC36464具有较好拮抗效果的菌株37402-1。菌株37402-1的PGPR功能特性研究结果显示:对大蒜根腐病病原真菌ACCC37402和ACCC36464的抑菌率分别为52.70%和37.98%;经16S rDNA基因序列同源性分析,确定为暹罗芽孢杆菌(Bacillus siamensis);具有水解蛋白能力、产铁载体能力、溶解有机磷和无机磷的能力。温室盆栽试验显示,接种暹罗芽孢杆菌37402-1菌悬液能够促进大蒜幼苗的生长。田间试验表明,接种暹罗芽孢杆菌37402-1菌剂使大蒜增产12.78%,并改变土壤酶活性(提高土壤蔗糖酶和土壤脲酶活性,降低土壤过氧化氢酶活性)。菌株暹罗芽孢杆菌37402-1兼具多种功能特性,对大蒜根腐病具有较好的拮抗效果,同时可以显著促进大蒜幼苗生长,并可在大田条件下促进大蒜的单产,有望开发成为高效的微生物肥料生产菌种。

Garlic(Allium sativum L.)is an important cash crop in China,but its planting and production sustainability is restricted due to serious continuous cropping obstacles in the main producing area.Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)can promote plant growth,control disease and promote the environment.It is of great ecological and practical significance for the sustainable development and green development of garlic industry to develop efficient microbial fertilizer for the prevention and control of garlic soil-borne diseases.The bacteria isolated from the root of continuous cropping garlic in Jinxiang county,Shandong province was used as the test strains.The antagonistic strains of Fusarium oxysporum ACCC37402 and Fusarium sporotrichioides ACCC36464,which were the the pathogen fungi of garlic root rot,were screened.The preliminary identification and functional identification of the selected strains were carried out.The effect of multifunctional bacterial suspension on the growth of garlic seedlings and the effect of disease resistance were studied by pot experiment in greenhouse.Strain 37402-1 had good antagonistic effects against ACCC37402 and ACCC36464,with antibacterial rate of 52.70%and 37.98%.Bacillus siamensis was identified as a strain based on the sequence homology of 16S rDNA.The results of other functional studies showed that Bacillus siamensis 37402-1 had the ability to hydrolyze protein,produce iron carrier and dissolve organophosphate and inorganic phosphorus.Pot experiments in greenhouse showed that Bacillus siamensis 37402-1 suspension inoculated could promote the growth of garlic seedlings.Field experiments showed that Bacillus siamensis 37402-1 inoculated with it increased garlic yield by 12.78%and changed soil enzyme activities(increasing soil sucrase and urease activity,and reducing soil catalase activity).Bacillus siamensis 37402-1 has multiple functional characteristics,and has good antagonistic effects against garlic root rot.At the same time,Bacillus siamensis 37402-1 can significantly promote the growth of garlic seedlings and improve the yield of garlic under field conditions.It is expected to be developed as an efficient microbial fertilizer production strain.