mTOR在眼科疾病中的研究进展

Progress on mTOR in eye diseases

哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)是一种蛋白激酶,在体内主要参与营养水平、生长代谢的调节。mTOR是癌症、衰老和其他代谢相关病理性疾病的重要靶点,参与了增殖、转分化、自噬等多种生物学过程。眼被认为是具有免疫特权的区域,由于血管系统会影响视力,眼的血管系统位于中心光路以外。眼的许多区域都有将免疫细胞运输至发育不良、受损或衰老有关的病变部位的机制。尽管免疫应答主要是为了修复或保护自身,但是免疫细胞可能会分泌一些细胞因子,导致炎症或纤维化,进而损害视力。研究证实,mTOR与翼状胬肉、年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)、青光眼、白内障、糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)、眼部肿瘤等多种眼病密切相关。目前,mTOR抑制剂通常被用作免疫抑制剂,用于癌症的治疗,但mTOR抑制剂用于眼部疾病的报道尚少。因此,该文就mTOR信号通路在相关眼科疾病中的作用、调控机制、药物治疗等方面进行简要综述,为相关眼科疾病的病理机制与治疗提供思路,以便后续开展更深入的研究。

Mammalian target protein of rapamycin(mTOR)is a protein kinase that primarily involves in the regulation of nutrient levels and growth metabolism in vivo.mTOR serves as a crucial target for cancer,aging,and other metabolic related pathological diseases,participating in various biological processes such as proliferation,transdifferentiation,and autophagy.The eye is considered an area with immune privilege,as the vascular system affects vision and is located outside the central light path.Many areas in the eye have mechanisms for transporting immune cells to the affected areas related to developmental,damaged,or aging.Although the immune response is primarily aimed at repairing or protecting itself,immune cells may secrete some cytokines,leading to inflammation or fibrosis,which in turn can damage vision.Results from studies have confirmed that mTOR is closely related to pterygium,age-related macular degeneration(AMD),glaucoma,cataract,diabetic retinopathy(DR),eye tumors and other eye diseases.Currently,mTOR inhibitors are widely used as immunosuppressants and approved for cancer treatment;however,there are few reports on the use of mTOR inhibitors for eye diseases.Therefore,in the article it provides a brief overview of the role,regulatory mechanisms,and drug treatment of the mTOR signaling pathway in related ophthalmic diseases,providing ideas for the pathological mechanisms and treatment of related ophthalmic diseases,in order to carry out more in-depth research in the future.