牛支原体疫苗研究进展

Research Progress of Bovine Mycoplasma bovis Vaccines

牛支原体(M.bovis)是牛的重要病原体,能够引起牛的乳腺炎、关节炎和肺炎等疾病。牛支原体已在全世界传播,对全球范围内的养牛业产生了重大不利影响。目前,由于牛支原体的耐药性有增强的趋势,同时缺乏有效的疫苗和治疗方法,这严重阻碍了牛支原体感染的控制。预防、控制甚至清除牛支原体最好的方法是使用有效的疫苗。虽然目前我国还没有获得新兽药证书的牛支原体疫苗,但相关的研究已取得了一定的进展。本文根据多年来牛支原体疫苗研究的相关资料,从牛支原体感染与免疫机制、灭活疫苗、弱毒活疫苗、基因工程疫苗四个方面进行综述,以期为今后牛支原体疫苗的研制提供思路及参考。

Mycoplasmabovis is an important pathogen of cattle,which can cause diseases such as mastitis,arthritis and pneumonia.Mycoplasmabovis spreads all over the world and has a major adverse impact on the agricultural economy.At present,the control of M.bovis infection is seriously hindered due to the increasing trend of drug resistance and the lack of effective vaccines and treatment methods.The best way to prevent,control and even eliminateM.bovis is to use an effective vaccine.Although currently there is no M.bovis vaccine available in China,good progress has been made in related research.Based on the relevant data of M.bovine vaccine research for many years,this article reviews four aspects of infection and immune mechanism,inactivated vaccines,attenuated live vaccines and genetically engineered vaccines in order to provide ideas and references for the future development of mycoplasma vaccines.