《淮南子》自然观念探赜——以《原道训》《主术训》《修务训》《泰族训》为中心

A Probe into the Concept of Nature in Huainanzi——Centered around the“Yuan Dao Xun”,“Zhu Shu Xun”,“Xiu Wu Xun”,and“Tai Zu Xun”

自然观念作为《淮南子》一书的重要思想观念,具有深刻性和系统性。在生成维度上,《淮南子》弱化了“道”直接派生万物的宇宙生成论意义,转而强调其存在论价值,从侧面肯定了万物之自生、自存;在化育维度上,《淮南子》通过对“神明”及“阴阳二气”的重新诠解,肯定了万物运动的自主、自决;在价值维度上,《淮南子》将天地万物按照其本性的存在状态归约为“道理之数”,强调人应因循自然,同时为了调和“无为”与“有为”之间的矛盾,《淮南子》又充分借鉴了儒家礼乐教化思想,客观上推进了道家自然观念的发展。

The concept of nature,as an important ideological concept in the book Huainanzi,is profound and systematic.In terms of generative dimension,Huainanzi weakens the cosmic generative significance of“Dao”directly deriving all things,and instead emphasizes its ontological value,indirectly affirming the self-generation and self-existence of all things;In terms of the dimension of transformation and education,Huainanzi redefines the“gods”and“two elements of Yin and Yang”,affirming the autonomy and self-determination of the movement of all things;In terms of value dimension,Huainanzi reduces all things in heaven and earth to the“number of principles”according to their natural existence state,emphasizing that humans should follow nature.At the same time,in order to reconcile the contradiction between“inaction”and“action”,Huainanzi fully draws on the Confucian ideas of ritual and music education,objectively promoting the development of Taoist natural concepts.