《四库全书总目》史部对古典图书目录分类的因革损益论

Evolution and Transformation in the Classification of Classical Book Catalogs in the History Section of Siku Quanshu Zongmu

文章在梳理古典图书目录史部类目源流演变的基础上,分因、革、损、益概括了《四库全书总目》史部类目设置对古典图书目录分类的继承与调整。《四库全书总目》对中国古典目录学史部的二级类目进行了广泛的继承,奠定了《四库全书总目》史部类目的主体框架,这不仅展现了《四库全书总目》征实的学风,也反映了其编撰者的目录学修养。《四库全书总目》史部类目也有革新,主要是创设纪事本末类,将仪注类、刑法类合并进故事类并改名为政书类,将诏令和奏议同时著录在史部并创造性地将其合并为一类,增设和更改了很多三级类目。《四库全书总目》史部部分类目的设立和取消,包含着浓厚的政治因素和意识形态色彩,体现出较强的官学约束。

This paper delves into the evolution and transformation of the historical classification in the Siku Quanshu Zongmu,based on an examination of the origins and developments of classical book catalogs.It categorizes the changes as"follow,change,reduce,and increase"in the historical section's classification.Siku Quanshu Zongmu inherits and adapts many secondary categories from classical bibliography,establishing the core framework of its historical section.This not only reflects the rigorous scholarly approach of Siku Quanshu Zongmu but also shows the bibliographic expertise of its compilers.Furthermore,innovations are evident in Siku Quanshu Zongmu's historical section,notably the introduction of a narrative category and the consolidation of etiquette and law into political books.It also creatively merges imperial decrees and memorials into a single category,while adding and modifying numerous third-level categories.The establishment and elimination of subsections within the historical section of Siku Quanshu Zongmu are influenced by political factors and ideological considerations,revealing the strong constraints of official scholarship.