语义功能语法视阈下“Adv.+不+V_(状)”结构句法语义特点

A Study on Syntactic and Semantic Features of“Adv.+不+V_(状)”from the Perspective of Semantic Functional Grammar

状态动词是汉语动词体系中较为特殊的一类成员,[+静止][+持续]的语义特征直接影响其与相关句法成分间的组合关系。受语义特征影响,在由状态动词充当谓语中心语的“Adv.+不+V_(状)”结构中起到限定语义作用的副词主要为范围副词和程度副词,且具有[+极性]语义特征;否定结构“Adv.+不+V_(状)”既可表达否定语义也可表达中性语义。文章着重考察“Adv.+不+V_(状)”结构的语义特征等内容,分析状态动词的语义特征对相关句法成分产生影响的内在动因,旨在呈现状态动词作为汉语动词体系中较为特殊的一类成员在句法结构中的语义功能。

State verbs are a special kind of members in the Chinese verb system.The semantic characteristics of[+static][+continuous]directly affect the combinatorial relationship between them and related syntactic components.Influenced by the semantic characteristics,the adverbs that play the role of limiting semantics in the“Adv.+不+V_(状)”with the state verbs as the predicate center are mainly scope adverbs and degree adverbs,and have the semantic characteristics of[+polarity];The negative structure“Adv.+不+V_(状)”can express both negative and neutral semantics.This paper focuses on the semantic characteristics and syntactic structure of“Adv.+不+V_(状)”,analyzes the internal motivation of the semantic characteristics of state verbs affecting relevant syntactic components,and aims to present the semantic function of state verbs in syntactic structure as a special class of members in Chinese verb system.