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我国刑事案件现场勘查研究的现状、不足与完善

The Status Quo,Deficiency and Perfection of the Research of Crime Scene Investigation in China
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摘要 现场勘查是人类较为古老的一个调查手段,事关案件事实真相。我国刑事案件现场勘查的研究不容乐观,侦查学苦于经验研究与对策研究范式的狭隘性,迟迟未能在现场勘查研究领域推陈出新;刑事技术学聚焦于勘验新材料研发的理工科范式,短时间内无法实现普及应用;诉讼法学已经多年未提及《公安机关刑事案件现场勘验检查规则》,作为冷门程序的现场勘查似乎不需要改良;证据法学试图把现场勘查框定言词证据与传闻证据的经典证据理论中,无疑忽略了现场勘查作为调查行为的特殊性。刑事司法的历史和世界各国的选择都一致表明现场勘查的价值,现场勘查研究潜力巨大但任重道远。为此,应当以实践理性为指导,立足中国本土司法实践开展现场勘查相关研究。侦查学可以展示现场勘查实际样态为目标,提出现场勘查更多议题供学界讨论;刑事技术学则以数据化和智能化为指引,思索如何以新技术为现场勘查赋能;法学在思考完善现场勘查规范之余,还应该阐释现场勘查笔录在证明案件事实中的作用机制。 Scene investigation is a relatively old means of investigation,which is related to the truth of the case.The research of crime scene investigation in our country is not optimistic,the investigation science suffers from the narrowness of the paradigm of experience research and countermeasure research,and has not been able to bring forth new ideas in the field of crime scene investigation research.Criminal technology focuses on the research and development of new materials in the science and engineering paradigm,which can not be popularized in a short time;The law of procedure has not mentioned the Rules of scene Investigation and Inspection of Criminal cases for Public Security Organs for many years.The evidence jurisprudence attempts to frame the scene investigation into the classical evidence theory of verbal evidence and hearsay evidence,which undoubtedly ignores the particularity of the scene investigation as an investigation act.The history of criminal justice and the choices of countries all over the world show the value of fact-seeking of scene investigation.It can be said that scene investigation research has great potential but still has a long way to go.To this end,we should take practical rationality as the guidance,to carry out related scene investigation research based on China's local judicial practice.Investigation science can show the actual pattern of scene investigation as the goal,and put forward more issues of scene investigation for academic discussion.Criminal technology is guided by data and intelligence,considering how to use new technology to empower the scene investigation.Jurisprudence should explain the function mechanism of the scene investigation record in proving the facts of a case while thinking about improving the norms of scene investigation.
作者 段黎宇 DUAN Liyu(Institute of evidence law and forensic science,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)
出处 《河南警察学院学报》 2024年第3期107-116,共10页 Journal of Henan Police College
基金 2023年天津市人民检察院指导性课题项目“法律监督理念现代化研究”(23TJJYZ60)。
关键词 现场勘查 证据技术 调查方法 勘查规范 scene investigation evidence technique investigation method investigation
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