考虑作业姿势舒适的三维装箱问题

Three-dimensional Bin Packing Considering Working Posture Comfort

为降低装卸工在货物配装过程中因重复弯腰而罹患肌肉骨骼疾病的概率,同时优化其作业姿势的舒适性,进而减轻作业疲劳,提升社会整体效益,基于人因工程和运筹优化协同优化的视角,从装卸工作业姿势舒适的角度出发,提出并研究考虑作业姿势舒适的三维装箱问题。首先对装载作业姿势舒适性进行评价,构建问题模型;其次对货物排序优化和货物放置规则等关键问题进行研究,设计了最大空间法和有偏随机密钥遗传算法相结合的求解算法;最后通过算例进行实验验证。结果表明,提出的模型和算法可以在不增加车辆运输成本的前提下提升装卸工的作业姿势舒适性,并且对于尺寸相对较小及规模相对较少的货物类型作业姿势舒适性的优化空间更大,验证了模型和算法的有效性。

This paper aims to reduce the probability of stevedores suffering from musculoskeletal diseases due to repeated bending during the cargo loading process,optimize their work posture comfort to reduce work fatigue,and thus improve the overall benefits of society.Based on the perspective of co-optimization of human factors engineering and operational research,we propose and study the vehicle loading problem that consider working posture comfort from the perspective of comfortable postures for stevedores.Firstly,the comfort of the loading work posture is evaluated to establish the model.Secondly,key issues such as cargo sorting optimization and cargo placement rules are studied.An algorithm combining the maximal-space heuristics and biased random-key genetic algorithm is designed.Finally,experimental verification is conducted through instances.Results show that the proposed model and algorithm can improve the comfort of stevedores'work postures without increasing vehicle transportation cost,Moreover,there is a greater optimization space of the work posture comfort for cargoes with relatively small sizes and scales,verifying the effectiveness of the model and algorithm.