基于换乘时间成本的客流分类及空间分布研究——以厦门市为例

Passenger Flow Classification and Spatial Distribution Based on Transfer Time Cost:A Case Study of Xiamen City

文章基于公交IC刷卡数据,构建收入法模型评估厦门市换乘优惠政策实施后客流换乘的时间成本,与政策规定所减免的费用进行对比,根据乘客的换乘时间评估换乘优惠政策实施后乘客出行的整体效益,将换乘客流划分为换乘零成本客流、换乘额外费用成本客流、换乘额外时间成本客流、换乘额外时间+费用成本客流4类,并从站点、线路、交通小区、OD点密度、通勤与非通勤5方面分析了各类客流的空间分布特征,站点以岳阳小区为中心的区域聚集大量不同类型的客流;线路以24路为主聚集大量不同类型的客流;交通小区以地铁及岛内BRT线路周边的交通小区聚集大量不同类型客流;OD点密度以轨道一号线各站点和BRT各站点作为起点或讫点,聚集大量换乘客流;通勤时各类客流的活动范围较小,跨距较短,跨岛客流相对较少,非通勤时客流呈较明显的跨岛趋势,且跨距普遍较长。文章量化乘客的换乘时间成本以直观反映换乘的实际损耗,为进一步提升公交用户体验,降低乘客出行成本,制定科学有效的换乘优惠政策提供依据。

Implementing preferential policies for bus transfers is an important measure for promoting the development of public transportation.Although public transportation extends the travel time of passengers,the preferential policies reduce the travel costs to a certain extent.On the basis of IC card data of public transport,an income method model was constructed to evaluate the cost of passenger flow transfer time after the implementation of the preferential transfer policy in Xiamen and compare it with the reduced fees due to the policy regulations.To better assess the overall benefit of bus transfer travel,the transfer passenger flow was divided into four categories:transfer zero cost passenger flow,transfer additional cost passenger flow,transfer extra time cost passenger flow,and transfer extra time+cost passenger flow.The spatial distribution characteristics of various types of passenger flow are analyzed from five aspects:station,line,traffic area,density of travel starting and ending points,commuting and non-commuting of travel.With regard to stations,a large number of different types of passenger flowed into the area centered on Yueyang Community.As regards route,No.24 mainly gathered a large number of different types of passenger flows.As regards transportation areas,numerous different types of passenger flows gathered in the transportation communities around the subway and the island's Bus Rapid Transit(BRT)lines.In terms of OD point density,each station of Rail Line 1 and the BRT stations had large numbers of passengers at the starting or ending points.In terms of commuting and noncommuting behaviors,the activity range of various passenger flows during commuting was smaller,the span was shorter,and the cross-island passenger flow was relatively small.In contrast,the passenger flow during noncommuting behavior showed a more evident cross-island trend,and the span was generally longer.This study devised a new passenger flow classification method to evaluate the effectiveness of a preferential policy for bus transfers.Further,it affords a reference for public transport operators to better comprehend the needs and behaviors of passengers and accordingly formulate more effective policies and measures.