1892年汉堡霍乱暴发与公共卫生改革

The Cholera in Hamburg in 1892 and the Reform of Public Health

1892年汉堡迎来了史无前例的霍乱大流行,其暴发与人口的高死亡率是多因素综合作用的结果,饮用水污染、居住环境恶劣、政府隐瞒与拖延、医疗官员的守旧等都是导致霍乱大流行的重要因素。面对舆论和帝国卫生局的压力,汉堡政府被迫采取了一系列遏制霍乱的针对措施。霍乱结束后,汉堡政府进行了一系列改革,包括改善城市用水与居住环境,促进城市卫生管理的发展,提高公共卫生服务,推进护理工作发展等,同时对汉堡社会结构和政治制度的改革问题也有所涉及。这些变革有效缓解了汉堡公共卫生危机,推动了城市公共卫生发展。

In 1892 Hamburg experienced an unprecedented cholera epidemic.The outbreak and the high mortality rate of the population were the result of a combination of factors,such as contaminated drinking water,poor living conditions,concealment and delay by the government,and the old-fashioned behaviour of medical officials.In the face of public opinion and pressure from the Reichsanstalt,the Hamburg government was forced to take a series of measures to curb the cholera epidemic.After the end of the cholera epidemic,the Hamburg government carried out a series of reforms to improve the city’s water and living environment,promote the development of urban sanitation management,improve public health services,promote the development of nursing care,and also addressed the issue of reforming Hamburg’s social structure and political system.These changes have been effective in alleviating the public health crisis in Hamburg and promoting the development of public health in the city.