外泌体糖基化在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的应用进展

Application progress of exosomal glycosylation in diagnosis and treatment of tumors

外泌体是细胞通讯的重要媒介,在细胞之间运送RNA、蛋白质和脂质等物质。糖链是外泌体的重要成分。糖基化是蛋白质的重要翻译后修饰,可通过糖基转移酶的作用把糖链转移至蛋白质,丰富了蛋白质的功能和信息含义,可为疾病的诊断和治疗提供新的生物标志物和干预靶标。外泌体与肿瘤母细胞存在一致的异常糖链,其糖基化或可成为循环肿瘤标志物。文章探讨了外泌体糖基化的生理意义、临床价值和治疗应用前景,并介绍了外泌体的捕获技术,这些技术为外泌体糖基化的深入研究提供了方法学支持。外泌体糖基化的研究将为液体活检应用于恶性肿瘤的精确诊断、高危预警和全程精准管理提供新的策略。

As an important medium of cellular communication,exosomes transport RNA,proteins and lipids between cells.The glycan structure is an important component of exosomes.Glycosylation,as one of the important ways of protein post-translational modification,enriches the function and information meaning of proteins by transferring glycan structure to proteins under the action of glycosyltransferase and provides new biomarkers and intervention targets for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.There are abnormal N-glycan structures consistent with tumor cells in the exosomes,and the glycosylation of exosomes may be as a circulating tumor marker.This review focuses on the physiological significance,clinical value and therapeutic prospect of exosomal glycosylation,and it introduces the exosome capture techniques,which provides methodological support for the further study of exosomal glycosylation.The study of exosomal glycosylation will provide a new strategy for the application of liquid biopsy in the accurate diagnosis,high risk warning and accurate management of malignant tumors.