基于叶片解剖结构性状的17份江西茶树种质资源综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of 17 tea germplasm resources in Jiangxi based on leaf anatomical structure characteristics

【目的】基于叶片解剖结构性状,对江西地方茶树种质资源进行综合评价,旨在为江西茶树新品种选育及特色茶产品开发提供理论参考及优异资源。【方法】以17份江西茶树资源为材料,对16项叶片解剖结构性状进行观测与遗传多样性分析,并间接鉴定其抗逆性、适制性和生产力水平,采用主成分分析法结合聚类分析进行综合评价。【结果】17份江西茶树资源遗传多样性指数变幅为0.88~2.09,变异系数范围为7.73%~63.70%,抗寒性平均得分为1.35,生产力平均指数为2 031.43。近一半的茶树资源适制绿茶和乌龙茶,少数适制红茶或红、绿茶兼制。采用隶属函数法对茶树抗旱性指标进行评价,发现抗旱性前6位茶树资源由强至弱依次为赣茶3号、程风绿、赣茶2号、遂川种、靖安白叶和杏林。经主成分综合得分计算结合聚类分析表明,排名前3的茶树依次为赣茶3号、程风绿、杏林,主要聚在第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类,其叶片栅栏组织较发达,适制绿茶、乌龙茶;而得分较低的2份修水野生茶树资源九龙1号和九龙2号,主要聚在第Ⅲ类,其叶片海绵组织较发达,可作为宁红茶品种改良的亲本材料。【结论】17份江西茶树种质资源展现出较强的耐寒、抗旱能力及高潜在生产力等丰富的遗传多样性,赣茶3号、程风绿、杏林综合性状优良,可在江西绿茶品种选育及茶产品开发方面加以利用。

[Objective]In order to provide a theoretical framework and identify superior resources for the breeding of new tea varieties and the development of specialized tea products within Jiangxi Province,a thorough evaluation of the region’s tea germplasm resources was conducted based on the features of leaf anatomical structure.[Method]17 tea germplasm resources were utilized as materials,and 16 leaf anatomical structure characteristics were observed and analyzed to assess genetic diversity.Indirect identification techniques were employed to evaluate the stress resistance,adaptability,and productivity level of the aforementioned tea germplasms.Furthermore,a comprehensive evaluation was conducted by employing principal component analysis in conjunction with cluster analysis.[Result]The genetic diversity index ranged between 0.88 and 2.09 for seventeen tea germplasms in Jiangxi Province,with a coefficient of variation ranging between 7.73%and 63.70%.The average cold resistance score,and the average productivity index were 1.35 and 2031.43,respectively.Almost half of the tea germplasms were suitable for making green tea and oolong tea,with only a few suitable for making black tea or both black and green tea.The membership function approach was used to assess the drought resistance of tea plants.It was discovered that the top six tea germplasms with strong drought resistance were Gancha No.3>Chengfenglv>Gancha No.2>Suichuan species>Jing’an Baiye>Xinglin.The comprehensive score of principal components and cluster analysis revealed that Gancha No.3,Chengfenglv,and Xinglin were the top three tea germplasms,primarily clustered in classesⅠandⅡ.With well-developed palisade tissue,they were suitable for processing green tea and oolong tea.The two lowestscoring wild tea germplasms were Jiulong No.1 and Jiulong No.2 from Xiushui,mainly clustered in classⅢ.The leaf spongy tissue of the two germplasms was well-developed,making them appropriate as parent materials for improving Ninghong black tea cultivars.[Conclusion]Overall,the 17 tea germplasm resources in Jiangxi Province exhibit genetic diversity,as well as cold and drought adaptability and high prospective productivity.Gancha No.3,Chengfenglv,and Xinglin possess exceptional comprehensive characteristics,the three tea germplasms were suitable for breeding green tea varieties and developing tea products in Jiangxi Province.