CRH380B型动车组晃车原因分析及整改措施

Cause Analysis and Corrective Measures of Shaking of CRH380B EMUs

CRH380B型动车组在运营过程中多次出现低频晃动现象,晃动具有频率低、持续时间长短不一的特点。针对这一问题,采集和分析某动车组车轮镟后列车运行数据,发现车体存在0.79 Hz单一振动主频。调查分析表明,该区段钢轨内侧实测廓形与设计廓形存在较大偏差,偏差最大达到0.8 mm,与镟后车轮匹配发现,轮轨匹配性能不佳,等效锥度偏小,容易造成低频晃动。建立车辆-轨道耦合模型,经过仿真分析可知,当钢轨廓形内侧偏差大于0.5 mm时,镟后车轮和凹磨车轮均容易出现晃车现象。因此,建议将钢轨廓形内侧偏差控制在0.4 mm以内。钢轨打磨维修后钢轨实测廓形与设计廓形中内侧偏差控制在±0.2 mm以内,车体横向振动加速度明显减小,主频为0.8 Hz振动消失,动车组运行平稳性良好。

In the course of operation,the low⁃frequency shaking phenomenon of CRH380B EMUs occurs many times which has the characteristics of low shaking frequency and different duration.Aiming at this problem,this paper col⁃lects and analyzes the running data of a rotating vehicle,and finds that there is a single main vibration frequency of 0.79 Hz in the car body.After investigation and analysis,there is a large deviation between the inner side of actual measured profile of the rail and the inner side of design profile of the rail,with the maximum deviation reaching 0.8 mm.Match with the rear wheel after turning,the wheel and rail matching performance is not good and the equivalent taper is too small,which is easy to cause the low⁃frequency shaking of the vehicle.The vehicle⁃track coupling model is established.When the inner side of rail profile is greater than 0.5 mm,both the rotated wheel and the concave wheel are prone to shaking phenomenon.It is recommended that the inner deviation of the rail profile be controlled within 0.4 mm.After grinding and maintenance in the area,the deviation between actual measured profile of the rail and the design profile was controlled within±0.2 mm,the lateral vibration acceleration of the car body was signifi⁃cantly reduced,the main frequency vibration of 0.8 Hz disappeared,and the EMUs ran smoothly.