新生儿耳廓畸形筛查及耳模无创矫正疗效评估

Newborn Ear Deformity and Non-Invasive Ear Molding Correction

目的通过新生儿查体时行外耳廓检查,统计分析新生儿耳廓畸形的发生率、矫正率、并发症发生率,评估耳模无创矫正治疗效果。方法选取2020年1月1日—2021年7月1日淮北市人民医院出生的新生儿3797例(7594耳),其中耳廓畸形患儿616例(851耳),将进行治疗的119例(173耳)患儿根据出生时间分为1组(≤7 d)125耳、2组(8~42 d)31耳,3组(>42 d)17耳。对于轻微不需治疗及拒绝治疗的患儿监护人,分别于出生后7、14 d进行电话随访,收集相关数据进行汇总分析。比较3组治疗总有效率、并发症发生率、治疗时间。结果新生儿耳廓畸形发生率为11.21%(851/7594),19.32%(119/616)的新生儿耳廓畸形接受了无创矫正治疗,矫正率为20.33%(173/851),12例(10.08%)患儿在矫正过程中出现湿疹,3耳中途放弃治疗,2耳效果不佳,治疗总有效率为97.11%(168/173)。1组治疗有效率显著高于2组和3组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);2组与3组治疗有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.225)。1组治疗时间短于2组和3组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);2组治疗时间短于3组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。1组并发症发生率低于2组和3组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);2组并发症发生率低于3组,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.530)。结论新生儿耳廓畸形发生率较高,耳模型无创矫正效果好,在新生儿查体时即可对耳廓畸形做出筛查,在最早期发现患耳、避免漏诊,越早治疗效果越好。

Objective To report incidence of auricular malformation in newborns and correction outcomes and complication,Method Newborns(n=3797,7594 ears)born in Huaibei people's Hospital from January 1,2020 to July 1,2021 were examined,there were 616 newborns(851 auricular)and treatment offered.if auricular malformation was diagnosed with appropriate treatment indications.The treated newborns(n=119,173 ears)were divided into three groups based on age,i.e.≤7 d(Group 1,125 ears),8-42 d(Group 2,31)and>42 d(Group 3,17 ears),for comparison of treatment outcomes and complications.Newborns with mild malformation and those with indications but no treatment due to rejection by guardians were followed up on the phone at 7 d and 14 d.Result Auricular malformation was diagnosed in 616(16.22%)of the 3797 newborns or 851(11.21%)of the 7594 ears examined.Of the newborns with auricular malformation,119(19.32%,851 ears)received non-invasive correction with a rate of success at 20.33%(173/851).Treatment was aborted in 3 ears,of which 2 due to lack of effects,yielding a total rate of effectiveness of 97.11%(168/173).The rate was significantly higher in Group 1 than in Groups 2 and 3(P<0.01).The rate of complications was highest in Group 3,followed by Group 2 and Group 1(P<0.01).The treatment duration required was also the longest for Group 3,and shortest for Group 1(P<0.01).Conclusion The incidence of auricular malformation in neonates appears to be high and non-invasive ear molding correction can be an effective treatment,which should be performed at the earliest time possible after auricular malformation is detected during newborn ear examination.