选配助听器儿童音乐能力发育量表评估

Development of Music Ability in Children with Hearing Aids CAO

目的分析佩戴助听器后儿童音乐能力的发育规律。方法选取北京大学第三医院和北京同仁医院耳鼻喉科收治的107例选配助听器的语前聋患儿为研究对象,根据耳聋程度分为中度听力损失组34例、重度听力损失组46例和极重度听力损失组27例。使用儿童音乐能力评估量表评估患儿的音乐能力。结果3组患儿的音乐能力、唱歌能力、识别歌曲曲调和音色能力以及对音乐和节奏做出反应能力均随听力年龄提高显著提高(P<0.01)。中度听力损失组患儿的音乐能力、唱歌能力、识别歌曲曲调和音色能力以及对音乐和节奏做出反应能力均在听力年龄6~12个月增长较快。重度听力损失组患儿识别歌曲曲调和音色能力在6~12个月增长较快,音乐能力、唱歌能力以及对音乐和节奏做出反应能力在24个月前增长较快。极重度听力损失组患儿识别歌曲曲调和音色能力在24个月前增长较快,音乐能力、唱歌能力以及对音乐和节奏做出反应能力在36个月前增长较快。结论中度听力损失组患儿的音乐能力在听力年龄6~12个月增长较快,重度和极重度听力损失组患儿的音乐能力在听力年龄24~36个月之前增长较快,但增长速度慢于中度听力损失组患儿。

Objective The aims of this study are to report development of musical ability in children with hearing aids.Methods A total of 107 children with hearing aids participated in this assessment.Hearing loss was rated as moderate in 34 cases,severe in 46 cases and profound in 27 cases.The Music Ability Assessment Scale was used to assess their music ability.Results The music ability,including singing,recognition of songs,tunes and timber,and responding to music and rhythm significantly improved in all children along with hearing age(P<0.01),with rapid improvement seen in the first 6-12 months in children with moderate hearing loss,all increase.Recognition of songs,tunes and timber increased rapidly in the first 6 to 12 months children with severe hearing loss,with the rest of music abilities increased rapidly in the first 24 months.In comparison,recognition of songs,tones and timbre increased rapidly in the first 24 months in children with profound hearing loss,with the rest music ability increased rapidly in the first 36 months.Conclusion The music ability improved sooner in children with moderate hearing loss than in children with severe or profound hearing loss,who also show a slower rate of improvement than that in children with moderate hearing loss.