采空塌陷区隧道病害机理与防控研究现状与展望

RESEARCH STATUS AND PROSPECTS ON THE MECHANISM AND PREVENTION OF TUNNEL DISEASE IN MINED-OUT SUBSIDENCE AREAS

我国是煤炭生产大国,煤炭开采造成了大量采空塌陷。随着公路铁路网不断加密,在山西等采煤大省,越来越多的交通隧道不得不穿越煤矿采空塌陷区。采空塌陷区岩层破坏剧烈、变形量大且持续时间长,是隧道工程建设与运营的重大安全隐患,系统研究采空塌陷区隧道灾变机理与防控技术是隧道工程建设与运营安全的重要保障。通过分析文献报道的工程案例,总结了采空塌陷区隧道的主要病害类型及其灾变机理,回顾了塌陷区采动岩体长期变形预测方法与隧道灾变预测方法,介绍了塌陷区采动岩体变形控制方法与穿越采空区隧道围岩处治方法。在此基础上,分析了采空塌陷区隧道灾变与防控技术研究中存在的突出问题,并对亟待研究的方向进行了展望。

Coal is one of the main sources of energy in China,and coal mining has caused a large number of mined-out subsidence areas.With the increasing density of highway and railway networks,more and more tunnels have to cross the coal mined-out subsidence areas in Shanxi and other coal mining provinces.Due to the severe damage,large deformation,and long duration of the rock strata in mined-out subsidence areas,it is a major safety hazard in tunnel construction and operation.Therefore,it is important to systematically study the tunnel disaster mechanism,prevention,and control technology in mined-out subsidence areas to ensure safety.By analyzing the engineering cases reported in the literature,this paper summarizes the main types of issues and disaster mechanisms of tunnels in mined-out subsidence areas,reviews the methods for long-term deformation prediction of mining-induced rock masses in subsidence areas and tunnel disaster prediction methods,and introduces the methods for deformation control of mining-induced rock masses in subsidence areas and treatment methods for the surrounding rock masses of tunnels that cross the mined-out region.Based on this,this paper analyzes the prominent problems in the research on tunnel disasters and prevention and control technology in mined-out subsidence areas and outlines the urgent research directions.