公共价值视域下PPP项目回报机制决策研究:基于PSO-TRP模型

Study on the decision of PPP project return mechanism under the public value perspective:based on PSO-TRP model

回报机制是PPP项目的核心属性,政府作为PPP项目中公共服务合作生产的关键决策主体,其回报机制的决策逻辑关系到PPP项目公共性与经济效率的平衡,这也是直接影响PPP项目成败的关键问题。首先,综合考虑PPP项目公共性、参照点效应和边际效用递减规律,提出研究假设。其次,引入三参照点理论构建PPP项目回报机制决策模型并分析其约束条件。最后,利用粒子群算法对政府在预算约束和底线逻辑情境中如何选择回报机制获取最大效用的决策问题进行案例模拟、情景仿真与方案甄选。研究发现:1)PPP项目中政府感知价值随着目标的升高而先升高后降低,呈倒“U”型分布,感知价值和努力水平随底线升高而升高,最优位置即为公共价值达到最大化。2)当政府底线一定、目标较高时,政府完全或部分将公共资源让渡给社会资本主体,选择使用者付费或可行性缺口补助模式。3)当政府心理权重值发生改变时,成功权重越大,在最优目标范围内主体会加大自身的投入程度,选择基于公共价值的冒险行为;当失败权重越大,决策主体会减少自身的投入程度,选择基于公共价值的保底行为。研究立足于公共价值视域并引入三参照点理论,构建了基于粒子群算法的PPP项目回报机制决策模型,为PPP项目政府决策研究提供了新思路,同时也为维持PPP项目公共性和实现公共价值提供了参考。

The return mechanism is the core attribute of Public-Private Partnership(PPP)projects,and the government is the key decision-making body of the cooperative production of public services in PPP projects.The decision-making logic of its return mechanism is related to the balance between the public nature of the PPP project and the economic efficiency,which is the key issue that directly affects the success or failure of the PPP project.First,the research hypotheses were proposed by comprehensively considering the public nature of PPP projects,the reference point effect,and the law of diminishing marginal utility.Second,the tri-reference point theory(TRP)was introduced to construct a decision model of the PPP project return mechanism and analyze its constraints.Finally,the particle swarm algorithm was used to conduct case simulation,scenario simulation,and option selection for the decision-making problem of the government,aiming at how to choose the payoff mechanism in order to maximize the utility in the context of budget constraints and bottom line logic.The study found that:1)the government’s perceived value in PPP projects increases and then decreases as the goal rises,showing an inverted U-shaped distribution,with the perceived value and effort level increasing with the bottom line,and the optimal position is that the public value is maximized.2)When the government’s bottom line is certain and the target is high,the government fully or partially cedes public resources to the social capital body,choosing the user-payment or feasibility gap subsidy mode.3)When the value of the government’s psychological weight changes,the greater the weight of success,the subject in the optimal range of objectives increases the degree of their inputs,and chooses risky behavior based on public value;when the greater the weight of failure,the subject of the decision-making process would reduce the degree of their input,and choose to protect the bottom of the behavior based on public value.Based on the public value perspective and the introduction of the tri-reference point theory,the study constructed a decision-making model for the return mechanism of PPP projects based on particle swarm algorithm,which provides a new idea for the research of governmental decision-making in PPP projects,and at the same time provides a reference for the maintenance of the public nature of PPP projects and the realization of public value.