纤维晶体管器件研究进展

Research progress in fiber-based transistors

在学科高度交叉、技术深度融合、物联网、人工智能、类脑计算等新兴产业迅猛发展的时代背景下,传统携带式可穿戴电子设备已难以满足人们对高性能电子纺织品的需求。为全面探究纤维晶体管在电子织物领域的应用前景,首先简述了纤维晶体管的组成、分类与工作原理,重点介绍了纤维基有机场效应晶体管和纤维基有机电化学晶体管;其次,介绍了纤维晶体管器件在智能可穿戴和植入式生化传感器、忆阻器和人工突触类脑计算神经形态器件、逻辑电路等前言领域的研究进展;分析了纤维晶体管在器件集成、性能优化和实际应用等方面所面临的问题与挑战。研究指出纤维晶体管在推动电子织物、人机交互、智慧医疗等国家战略产业发展和驱动人类社会迈向泛智能时代中的应用前景,期望为下一代高性能纤维晶体管的发展提供借鉴与启发。

Significance The flourishing development of emerging industries including the Internet of Things,artificial intelligence,brain-like computing has promoted the miniaturization of electronic devices.To integrate them into daily life,e-textiles which can seamlessly combine the electronic components with functions like energy supply,perception,computing,communication,execution and display with fiber and fabrics have aroused great interest.As one of the basic components for signal processing and computing,transistor is an indispensable part in e-textiles.Meanwhile,fiber material featured with light,soft and diverse forms is regarded as the first choice for making wearable electronic devices.Hence,it is of great significance to develop high-performance fiber-based transistor for E-textile.Progress In order to study comprehensively the application prospects of fiber-based transistors in E-textiles,this review summarizes the composition,classification and working principle of fiber-based transistors,especially the fiber-based field effect transistor(FET)and fiber-based organic electrochemical transistor(OECT).Comparing to the fiber-based FET,the fiber-based OECT assembled with a solution or gel electrolyte exhibits various advantages such as ionic-electronic transport characteristic,low processing temperature and operating voltage(<1 V),large transconductance(in mS range)and good biocompatibility.Moreover,the research progress of fiber transistor in wearable and implantable biochemical sensors,brain-like neuromorphic devices,such as memristor,artificial synapse,and logic circuits is reviewed.The fiber transistor promotes the development of national strategic industries such as e-textiles,human-computer interaction,intelligent medical treatment and is expected to driving the human society to the era of pan-intelligence.Conclusion and Prospect Fiber transistors have made great progress in recent decades,but the problems and challenges in device integration,performance optimization and practical application are still serious.The materials and fabrication processes for the mainstream thin-film transistor are not compatible with the porous and highly deformable fiber or textile substrates.The mechanical mismatch between the fiber electrode and organism tissue,the inflammation and biofouling all limit the fiber transistor application for chronic and stable in-vivo monitoring.The structure,energy consumption and synaptic functions of brain-like neuromorphic devices is still far from the human brain.More works need to be done.