面向可穿戴电子产品的自供能摩擦电纺织品研究进展

Review on self-powered triboelectric textiles for wearable electronics

伴随着人们对智能穿戴的需求日益增加,为解决可穿戴电子产品的供能问题,各种能源转化技术接连涌现,摩擦电纺织品凭借其在低频机械能收集和自驱动传感器等方面的优异表现脱颖而出,成为能源织物领域的佼佼者。为提高摩擦电纺织品的能量转换效率与舒适自然的穿戴感,基于摩擦电技术的理论,探讨了接触起电的物理机制,从材料、结构、运行模式以及功能性等角度出发,总结了纱线基摩擦纳米发电机、织物基摩擦纳米发电机与非织造布基摩擦纳米发电机的发展历程,综述了摩擦电纤维在柔性传感、电子皮肤、智能机器人、交互式设备等领域的应用情况,指出目前摩擦电纺织品所面临的挑战以及未来的机遇,以期为摩擦电技术与传统纺织业的高值化结合提供一些理论参考。

Significance Numerous energy conversion methods have evolved one after another to address the issue of energy supply for wearable electronic items as public demand for smart wear grows.Power plants'conventional energy delivery method is unsuitable for the development of functional electronics connected to wearable technology.The shortcomings in capacitance,safety risks,environmental risks,and inconvenience make rechargeable energy storage battery systems unsuitable for use in wearable electronics.Triboelectric textiles excel in low-frequency mechanical energy harvesting and self-driven sensors,making them a leader in the field of energy fabrics.Progress Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENG)based on contact electrification and electrostatic induction effects have proliferated since researchers introduced an energy transfer technique that transforms kinetic energy into electrical energy.Multiple preparation procedures for triboelectric fabrics have been increasingly refined as a result of extensive research and development on the functionality and application of TENG.Triboelectric textiles are categorized into two primary types based on variations in their macroscopic morphology:fiber structure and fabric structure.Triboelectric fiber is the fundamental building block of triboelectric textiles,as well as the cornerstone of scientific research and industrial transformation of triboelectric textiles.Triboelectric fibers fall into three types:yarn-based TENG,fabric-based TENG,and nonwoven-based TENG.Tribostatic charges in yarn based TENGs can be produced by contact electrification of a single fiber alone,without the need for external media.The fabric based TENG is easy to integrate with conventional clothes because of its broad variety of material alternatives and relatively basic construction.More atomic-level contact area is available for triboelectric electrification in nonwoven-based TENGs due to their greater specific surface area.Conclusion and Prospect There is still a long way to go before triboelectric textiles are used in commercial settings,despite tremendous advancements in theoretical research and practical demonstrations.The physical mechanism of contact electrification was addressed based on the theoretical basis of triboelectric technology to increase the energy conversion efficiency and comfortable and natural wearing feeling of triboelectric fabrics.The development in yarn-based TENGs,fabric-based TENGs,and nonwoven-based TENGs is outlined from the perspectives of materials,structures,operating modes,and functionality.Triboelectric fiber applications in flexible sensing,electronic skin,intelligent robots,and interactive devices are also discussed.The current obstacles and future potential for triboelectric textiles are highlighted to provide some theoretical reference for the high-value combination of triboelectric technology and the traditional textile sector.