全基因组关联分析在5种农作物中的应用及展望

Genome-wide association study in five crops:application and future perspectives

农作物是人类赖以生存的基础。然而,随着全球极端天气的增加、耕地的减少、人口数量的增多以及人民生活需求的提高,培育具备多个优良性状的聚合品种已成为解决粮食安全问题和现代农业分子设计育种的核心任务。全基因组关联分析(GWAS)是挖掘农作物优异基因的有效方法,已广泛应用于各类农作物中。这种分析方法成功揭示了控制农作物产量、品质以及抗逆性等关键育种性状的基因。本文系统总结了GWAS在5种代表性农作物中的最新研究进展,同时深入剖析了GWAS的局限性及未来发展趋势,期望为未来农作物的遗传改良提供有益参考。

Crops serve as the fundamental basis for human sustenance,yet the escalating occurrence of severe global weather events,diminishing arable land,burgeoning population and escalating living standards have necessitated the prioritization of breeding polygenic varieties possessing multiple desirable traits.This imperative task is crucial in effectively tackling food security concerns and advancing the field of molecular design breeding in modern agriculture.Genome-wide association study(GWAS)serves as a potent approach for identifying superior genes in crops and has found extensive applications across diverse crop species.This analysis methodology has effectively identified genes that regulate crucial breeding characteristics,including crop yield,quality and resistance.The present study systematically presents the most recent advancements in GWAS across 5 representative crops while offering a comprehensive analysis of the constraints and prospective directions for GWAS.Consequently,this paper is anticipated to serve as a valuable resource for future endeavors in enhancing crop genetics.