龙岩市果园土壤有效态养分特征分析

Analysis on the Characteristics of Soil Available Nutrients in Orchards of Longyan City

通过摸清龙岩市果园土壤有效养分状况,并探索土壤pH及有机质对有效养分的影响,为科学指导果农施肥,提高果树产量和改善果实品质提供理论依据。对龙岩市具有代表性的果园土壤进行取样,共采集66个土样,测定碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效钙、有效镁、有效锌、有效硼含量,对照土壤养分分级标准,分析评价其丰缺情况,并就有效养分与pH及有机质间做相关与回归分析。结果表明:龙岩市果园土壤碱解氮处于极丰富水平,平均为159 mg·kg^(-1);有效磷处于丰富水平,平均为26.3 mg·kg^(-1);速效钾处于中等水平,平均为148 mg·kg^(-1)。碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾在中等至极丰富水平范围内的样品数分别达93.94%、98.48%、57.58%。有效钙处于缺乏水平,平均为536.3 mg·kg^(-1),有效钙在缺乏至极缺水平范围内的样品数达77.27%。有效锌处于丰富水平,平均为2.5 mg·kg^(-1),全部样品均在中等至极丰富水平范围内。有效镁、有效硼均处于极缺水平,平均分别为29.9、0.16 mg·kg^(-1),全部样品的有效镁、有效硼均在缺乏至极缺水平范围内。有效钙、有效镁、有效锌与pH存在极显著正相关。碱解氮与有机质存在显著性正相关,有效磷和速效钾与有机质存在极显著正相关。总体而言,龙岩市果园土壤碱解氮、有效磷、有效锌相对富足,而有效钙、有效镁、有效硼相对匮乏。碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾与有机质以及有效钙、有效镁、有效锌与pH均存在曲线关系,曲线拟合度较好。

By finding out the effective nutrient status of soil in the orchards of Longyan City,and exploring the effects of soil pH and organic matter on the effective nutrients,it would provide a theoretical basis for the scientific guidance of fruit farmers’fertilization,increasing the fruit yield and improving the fruit quality.A total of 66 soil samples were collected from the representative orchards in Longyan City.The contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available calcium,available magnesium,available zinc,and effective boron were measured.According to the grading standard of soil nutrients,the abundance and deficiency of soil nutrients were analyzed and evaluated,and the correlation and regression analysis among the available nutrients,pH and organic matter were carried out.The results showed that:The soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the orchards of Longyan City was at the very rich level,with an average of 159 mg·kg^(-1).The available phosphorus was at the rich level,with an average of 26.3 mg·kg^(-1).The available potassium was at the medium level,with an average of 148 mg·kg^(-1).The percentage of samples with the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the range of medium to extremely rich levels reached 93.94%,98.48%and 57.58%,respectively.The available calcium was at the deficient level,with an average of 536.3 mg·kg^(-1).The percentage of samples with the available calcium in the range of deficient to extremely deficient levels reached 77.27%.The available zinc was at the rich level,with an average of 2.5 mg·kg^(-1),and all the samples were in the range of medium to extremely rich levels.The available magnesium and available boron were at the extremely deficient level,with an average of 29.9 mg·kg^(-1) and 0.16 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.The available magnesium and available boron of all the samples were within the range of deficient to extremely deficient levels.There were significant positive correlations among the available calcium,available magnesium,available zinc and pH.There was a significant positive correlation between the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and organic matter,and there was a significant positive correlation between available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium and organic matter.In general,the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available phosphorus and available zinc in orchards of Longyan City were relatively abundant,while the available calcium,available magnesium and available boron were relatively scarce.There were curvilinear relationships among the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen,available phosphorus,rapidly available potassium and organic matter,as well as the available calcium,available magnesium,available zinc and pH,of which the curve fitting were good.