失序与真空中的游击战:晋察冀抗日根据地的开辟

Guerrilla Warfare in Disorder and Vain:The Establishment of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Base in the Resistance War against Japan

晋察冀抗日根据地是八路军进入山西后,创建的第一个根据地。它的创建是根据八路军的游击战战略方针进行的,但面对敌后广泛动员群众的困难,八路军一面继续分兵发动群众,一面得到了阎锡山不自觉的支持和国民党山西政权内部中共地下党员宋劭文的鼎力相助。阎锡山想在敌后恢复秩序,却没有依靠的力量,只能借助八路军和牺盟会。牺盟会的实际掌控权操于中共之手,阎锡山委任牺盟会会员宋劭文为晋东北地区行政公署专员兼五台县县长,这为聂荣臻部在晋察冀的立足及敌后抗日根据地的创建提供了极为便利的条件。晋察冀边区政府很快成立,得到阎锡山和国民政府的正式承认。八路军在该区“戴着阎锡山的帽子”,逐步发动群众,扩张力量。阎锡山势力欲进入晋东北,结果遭到八路军的顽强抵制,晋察冀边区政府由统一战线的联合政权变成中共主导的敌后抗日民主政权。

The Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Base was the first one established by the CCP's Eight Route Army after it enter Shanxi province,in accordance with the Party's grerilla warfare strategy.Yet,facing the difficulty of popular mobilization,the Eight Route Army got significant support from Yan Xishan,the governor of Shanxi,and Song Shaowen,underground CCP member served in KMT local government while still making great efforts in mobilizing the mass.Yan Xishan wanted to restore order but he did not enjoy too much force to rely upon,thus the CCP and Shanxi Sacrifice&Save China Alliance became the only available force for him.The Alliance was de facto a CCP-dominated organization,and Yan assigned Song as the leader of Northeast Shanxi Region as well as Wutai County,which provided beneficial conditions for the Eight Route Army to establish a base there.Soon the Border Local Government was founded and got official recognition by Yan and KMT central authority.With a legal hat offered by Yan,the CCP gradually expanded its power and influence and at the same time resisted Yan's per-sonal force to enter the border base area,making the local government purely CCP-dominated one.