毛泽东与农村人民公社调整时期的调查研究

Mao Zedong and the Investigation and Study during the Adjustment of the People's Commune System

新中国成立后毛泽东第一次比较集中地论述调查研究问题,是在1961-1962年公社体制调整时期。他通过委派调查组、专列谈话、转发各级干部报告等方式,敦促领导干部在调查研究中要“摸清情况”“向群众寻求真理”“谨慎试点”,以求全面深入地了解农村真实状况。经过缩小社队规模、取消公共食堂、下放基本核算单位等步骤,最终确立了在中国存续二十多年的小公社体制,稳定了乡村社会秩序。这也成为中共党史中“调研开路”的工作典范。

After the founding of People's Republic of China,Mao Zedong first concentrated on the issue of investigation and study in the period of adjustment of the commune system from 1961 to 1962.Through appointing investigation teams,holding special talks,and forwarding reports from cadres at all levels,he urged leading cadres to“find out the situation”“seek the truth from the masses”and“cautiously experiment”in investigation and study,so as to seek a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the real situation in the rural areas.After the steps of reducing the size of the social team,abolishing the public canteen,and decentralizing the basic accounting unit,the small commune system that has existed in China for more than 20 years was finally established,and the CCP to“investigate and open the way”.