砒砂岩区生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展关键技术与模式

Key Technologies and Models for Ecological Governance and Ecological Derivative Industry Collaborative Development in Pisha Sandstone Area

探索生态治理与生态衍生产业协同发展的关键技术与途径,是促进水土保持生态治理高质量发展的重要课题。为此,以生态治理难度极大的黄河流域砒砂岩区为研究对象,基于生态经济学、生态产业技术的理论与方法,提出了生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展的基本原理和应遵循的原则,探索了生态治理与生态衍生产业协同发展的关键技术与模式,并开展了示范应用。1)生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展的原理是行为互驱动、效应互补偿,应遵循的原则是“双律适应、适地适生、三方意愿”;2)鉴于砒砂岩覆土区、覆沙区、裸露区生态环境有明显差异,分别构建了小流域生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展的综合治理措施体系和模式,以坡顶、坡面和沟道为水土保持措施配置的3个地貌单元,选择兼具水土保持功能和饲用、药用、食用等经济开发价值的作物进行生物措施配置,配合注浆固结、抗蚀促生、砒砂岩改性等新的工程技术措施进行生态治理;3)研发了物理-化学-生物综合改良砒砂岩土壤、砒砂岩复配风沙土+生物改良提质、灌草优化平茬及饲料加工、煤矸石改性资源化利用、高陡边坡抗蚀+控渗+植生固稳、生态果园建植等关键技术;4)基于砒砂岩覆沙区“土壤改良固沙+”(如土壤改良固沙+经济林种植、土壤改良固沙+梭梭草套种甘草等)生态治理模式的实践与示范,探索实施了“政府支持,科技支撑,企业产业化+公益性投资,农牧民市场化参与”的多元投资、多方参与、共同受益运行机制与模式。通过灌草平茬饲料加工、土壤改良、经济作物种植等产业化中试,以及矿区回填区生态恢复、小流域生态治理-生态衍生产业协同发展示范性实践,表明脆弱生态区治理中发展生态衍生产业具有广阔的前景。

In order to promote the high-quality development of soil and water conservation and ecological governance,it is an important issue to explore the key technologies and ways of the collaborative development of ecological governance and ecological derivative industries.Therefore,based on the theories and methods of ecological economics and ecological industry technology,the key technologies and models of the collaborative development of ecological governance and ecological derivative industries in Pisha sandstone area were explored,and the application demonstration was carried out.a)The principle of the coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological derivative industries was that behaviors were driven by each other and effects were compensated each other,and the principle that should be followed was“double law adaptation,suitable place and livelihood,and tripartite willingness”.b)The research and development of key technologies and measures for the coordinated development of ecological governance and eco-derived economy in small watershed of Pisha sandstone covered soil,covered sand and exposed areas.c)The key technologies of physical-chemical-biological integrated improvement of PSA sandstone soil,PSA sandstone combined with aeolian sand soil+biological improvement,optimal stubble leveling of shrub grass,utilization of coal gangue modified resources,corrosion resistance,seepage control,planting stabilization of high steep slope,and planting model of cash crops were proposed.d)Through the practice of“soil improvement and sand fixation+”in the sand-covered area,such as economic forest fruit planting,saxylon interplanting licorice and other ecological governance models,the“multi-investment,multi-participation and common benefit”mechanism and operation mode of“government support,scientific and technological support,enterprise industrialization+public welfare investment,and market participation of farmers and herdsmen”were explored.Through the pilot industrialization of grain and grass processing,soil improvement,and cash crop planting,as well as the demonstration practice of ecological restoration in mining backfill area,ecological governance in small watershed and collaborative development of ecological derivative industries,it shows that the development of ecological derivative industries in the management of fragile ecological areas has broad prospects.