人体脊柱动力学数值仿真分析模型建立及验证

Establishment and Validation of Dynamic Numerical Simulation Analysis Model for Human Spine

目的建立T2~L5胸腰椎有限元模型并验证其有效性,为探究脊柱冲击载荷下的动态响应特性及损伤机制提供数值模型支撑。方法基于CT扫描图像数据建立T2~L5胸腰椎三维有限元模型;仿真分析施加不同力矩下(屈伸、旋转和侧弯工况)T12~L1段载荷-转角曲线,并与文献报道的数据进行对比;对T2~6、T7~11和T12~L53段脊柱有限元模型施加不同高度下的自由落体载荷并进行仿真分析,获得轴向力峰值和弯矩,并与文献报道的数据进行对比分析。结果T12~L1段脊柱有限元模型受不同方向力矩发生最大转角在-2.24°~1.55°,与文献数据吻合良好。在不同跌落高度下,T2~6、T7~11和T12~L53段脊柱有限元模型的轴向峰值力分别为1.7~5.3、1.3~5.5、1.3~7.5 kN,均处于文献数据误差范围内;脊柱与椎间盘应力云图显示,椎体由外缘最先受力,椎间盘由髓核承受主要载荷,符合实际脊柱损伤发生机制。结论所建立的T2~L5脊柱模型能够正确模拟不同工况下脊柱的生物力学行为特性,分析结果具有有效性。

Objective To establish a finite element model of the T2-L5 thoracolumbar spine and verify its validity,to provide numerical model support for exploring the dynamic response characteristics and injury mechanism under spinal impact loads.Methods A three-dimensional(3D)finite element model of the T2-L5 thoracolumbar spine was established based on CT scanning data.The load-rotation angle curve of the T12-L1 segment under different moments(flexion,extension,rotation,and lateral bending conditions)was calculated and compared with the data reported in the literature.Free-fall loads at different heights were applied to the finite element models of the T2-6,T7-11,and T12-L5 spine.The peak axial force and bending moment were obtained by finite element simulation analysis and compared with data reported in the literature.Results The maximum rotation angle of the T12-L1 finite element model was-2.24°-1.55°under moments in different directions,which was in good agreement with the literature data.The peak axial force of T2-6,T7-11,and T12-L5 spine finite element models subjected to different free-fall loads was 1.7-5.3 kN,1.3-5.5 kN,and 1.3-7.5 kN respectively,which were within the error range reported in the literature.Stress nephograms of the spine and intervertebral discs showed that the vertebral body was first stressed from the outer edge.The intervertebral disc was subjected to the main load by the nucleus pulposus,consistent with the actual spinal injury mechanism.Conclusions The T2-L5 spine model established in this study can correctly simulate the biomechanical behavioral characteristics of the spine under different working conditions,and the analysis results are effective.