量化气候和土地利用变化对生态资产变化的相对贡献——以房山区为例

Quantifying relative contribution of climate change and land use change to the change of ecological assets:taking Fangshan District as an example

生态资产与人类福祉密切相关,开展生态资产评估并定量区分气候和人类活动对生态资产变化的相对贡献,对于评估区域生态文明建设成效、生态补偿、干部离任的自然资产审计等均具有重要意义。在单位面积价值当量因子方法的基础上,重新定义了标准生态服务价值当量因子,并构建了一个能够定量区分气候变化和土地利用变化对生态资产变化相对贡献的方法,以北京市房山区为例,分析了2000年至2019年房山区生态资产的变化,以及气候变化和土地利用变化对生态资产变化的相对贡献,结果表明:(1)房山区2019年生态资产总价值177.14亿元。森林、草地、农田和湿地的生态资产分别占生态资产总价值的82.33%、11.76%、5.25%和0.095%。(2)房山在2000—2019年期间,生态资产总价值增加了2.275亿元,气候变化使得房山区的生态资产总价值增加了2.689亿元,而土地利用变化使得生态资产总价值减少了0.414亿元。(3)房山区生态资产西高东低,其中霞云岭乡生态资产总价值最高;琉璃河镇的生态资产增加最多,而拱辰街道下降最显著。过去20年是房山区社会经济快速发展的时期,由于气候变化和生态保护与修复使得生态资产增加,抵消了由于建设用地扩张所带来的生态资产损失。

As an ecological asset,ecosystem is closely related to human welfare.It is of great significance to evaluate the value of ecological assets and quantitatively distinguish the relative contribution of human activities to the change of ecological assets for assessing the effectiveness of regional ecological civilization construction,ecological compensation,and natural asset audit of cadres leaving office.Based on the method of equivalent value factor per unit ecosystem area,this study redefined the standard ecological assets value equivalent factor,and constructed a method that could quantitatively distinguish the relative contribution of climate change and land use change to the value change of ecological assets.Taking Fangshan District of Beijing as an example,this study analyzed the change of ecological assets in Fangshan District from 2000 to 2019,and the relative contribution of climate change and land use change to the change of ecological assets.The results showed that:(1)the total value of ecological assets in Fangshan District in 2019 was 17.714 billion CNY.The value of ecological assets of forest,grassland,farmland and wetland respectively accounted for 82.33%,11.76%,5.25%and 0.095%of the total value of ecological assets,respectively.(2)From 2000 to 2019,the total value of ecological assets in Fangshan District increased by 2.275 billion CNY.Climate change increased the total value of ecological assets by 2.689 billion CNY,while land use change reduced the total value of ecological assets by 0.414 billion CNY.(3)The value of ecological assets in Fangshan District was high in the west and low in the east,of which the total value of ecological assets in Xiayunling Township was the highest.The ecological assets in Liulihe Township increased the most,while Gongchen Street decreased the most significantly.The past 20 years have been a period of rapid social and economic development in Fangshan District.Due to climate change and ecological protection and restoration,the value of ecological assets has increased,offsetting the loss of ecological assets value caused by the expansion of construction land.