岩溶石漠化地区生态环境演变及驱动力分析

Analysis of ecological environment evolution and driving forces in a karst rocky desertification area

以云南省东南部典型石漠化地区砚山县为研究区,基于遥感手段反演和分析2000—2020年砚山县生态环境质量的演变过程,研究影响当地生态环境变化的主要驱动因子,旨在为石漠化地区生态环境定量评价提供方法借鉴。基于谷歌地球引擎(GEE)平台提供的陆地卫星(Landsat)数据构建并计算研究区2000—2020年遥感生态指数,使用地理探测器量化主要驱动因子对生态环境质量的影响程度。结果表明:(1)2000、2010、2020年砚山县遥感生态指数均值为0.46、0.44、0.57,2000—2020年生态环境质量改善,改善比例为57.28%;(2)2000、2010、2020年砚山县石漠化整体状况有所改善,石漠化面积减少1181.77 km^(2);(3)2000—2020年石漠化、土地利用是生态环境的主要驱动因子;土地利用与石漠化交互作用对生态环境质量演变的解释力最强。2000—2020年砚山县生态环境质量逐步改善;在生态环境治理中应重点关注岩溶石漠化、土地覆盖类型稳定性的影响。

In this study,using remote sensing methods,we analyzed the evolution of ecological environment quality from2000 to 2020 in Yanshan County,a typical rocky desertification area in southeastern Yunnan Province.Based on this analysis,we examined the primary driving factors affecting changes in the local ecological environment,thereby aiming to develop a method for the quantitative evaluation of ecological environments in rocky desertification areas.Using Landsat data obtained from the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform,a remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)of the study area from 2000 to 2020 was constructed.The influence of the main driving factors on the quality of the ecological environment were quantified using a geographical detector.The results revealed that the mean values of RSEI in Yanshan in 2000,2010,and 2020 were 0.46,0.44,and 0.57,respectively.Furthermore,from 2000 to 2020,there was a 57.28%improvement in the quality of the ecological environment,characterized by an initial decline followed by a subsequent rise.Additionally,we detected an overall decline in rocky desertification in Yanshan in 2000,2010,and 2020,with a reduction of 1181.77 km^(2)in the area of rocky desertification.Moreover,rocky desertification and land-use change were identified as the main driving factors of the ecological environment from 2000 to 2020,with rocky desertification being found to have the strongest explanatory power for determining the evolution of ecological environment quality.Overall,we established that the quality of the ecological environment in Yanshan County gradually improved from 2000 to 2020.From the perspective of ecological environment management,we should pay greater attention to the influence of karst rocky desertification and land cover type stability.