蒙古黄芪育苗基质的筛选及应用潜力初步评价

Screening and preliminary evaluation of application potential of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus seedling substrates

为筛选出适宜培育高质量幼苗的育苗基质,促进移栽蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus)的生产,以酒糟为主料,牛粪和沼渣为辅料,按不同体积比配制了6种有机复合基质,并对其理化性质,以及碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量进行了测定。通过PLS-DA分析辅料对复合基质性质的影响,采用模糊评价法评估各复合基质肥效,进而筛选出基质F2(酒糟∶牛粪=60∶20)和Z2(酒糟∶沼渣=60∶20),将二者分别与纯土按体积比3∶7混合制成育苗基质后,通过发芽和幼苗生长试验评价应用潜力。结果表明,各有机复合基质理化性质基本符合常规基质要求,分别以牛粪和沼渣为辅料的两组复合基质,F2和Z2的肥效评价系数较高。混合育苗基质“F2+纯土”组的蒙古黄芪种子发芽率最高,且发芽势和发芽指数显著高于“Z2+纯土”组和对照组;同时,该组幼苗的整株长、株高和鲜重等指标也显著优于其他两组。由此可见,有机复合基质F2性能良好,与纯土混合后制成的育苗基质可用于蒙古黄芪优质幼苗的培育,具有较好的应用潜力。

In order to provide the seedling substrates for cultivating high-quality seedlings to promote the production of transplanted-Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus(AMM),six organic compound substrates were prepared by using vinasse as the main ma⁃terial supplemented with cow dung and biogas residues in this study.Their physicochemical properties and the content of alkaline nitro⁃gen,available phosphorus and available potassium were measured.The organic compound substrates F2(vinasse-cow dung 60-20)and Z2(vinasse-biogas residue 60-20)were selected by analyzing the influence of auxiliary materials on the substrate properties via PLS-DA model and assessing the fertilization efficiency of each compound substrate via fuzzy evaluation method.Then,substrates F2 and Z2 were mixed with soil at the ratio of 3∶7 to make seedling substrate,respectively;and their application potentials were evaluat⁃ed by seed germination and seedling growth test.The results showed that the physicochemical properties of each organic compound sub⁃strate could meet the requirements of conventional substrates,and the substrates F2 and Z2 had the higher evaluation coefficients of fertilization efficiency in the cow dung group and biogas residue group respectively.Among the mixed seedling substrates,the“F2+soil”group had the highest seed germination rate,and the germination potential and germination index were significantly higher than the“Z2+soil”and control groups;the whole plant length,height and fresh weight of seedlings were obviously superior to those of the seedlings in the other two groups.In sum,the organic compound substrate F2 had good performances,and the seedling substrate ob⁃tained by mixing F2 and soil could be used to cultivate high quality AMM seedlings and had good application potential.