乡村振兴背景下脱贫农户返贫风险治理

Governance of the risk of returning to poverty for poverty alleviation farmers in the context of rural revitalization

在可行能力理论和可持续生计框架的基础上,构建了“返贫风险识别-返贫风险应对-可行能力发展”的分析框架。在此框架的指导下,基于云南省昭通市M跨县搬迁安置区的实地调研,分析脱贫农户返贫风险治理中存在的问题,并提出优化路径。研究发现,脱贫农户面临多重返贫风险,生计转型困难;安置区产业与就业不匹配,脱贫农户缺乏就近就业机会;基层网格员数据采集困难,动态监测评估指标滞后;脱贫农户内生动力不足,可行能力发展困难。针对这些问题,应建立“以建立防止返贫动态监测机制为基础,以促进脱贫农户增收为根本要求,以推动县域产业发展为主攻方向,以增强脱贫农户可行能力、实现全面发展为核心”的返贫风险治理体系,促进巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴的有效衔接。

Based on the theory of viable capacity and the framework of sustainable livelihoods,an analytical framework of“poverty re⁃turn risk identification-poverty return risk response-viable capacity development”was constructed.Under the guidance of this frame⁃work,based on the field research in the M cross-county relocation resettlement area of Zhaotong City,Yunnan Province,the problems in the management of the risk of returning to poverty for poverty alleviation farmers were analyzed and optimization paths were pro⁃posed.The study found that the poverty alleviation farmers faced multiple risks of returning to poverty and had difficulties in livelihood transformation;the industry and employment in the resettlement area did not match,and poverty alleviation farmers lacked nearby em⁃ployment opportunities;data collection by grassroots grid clerks was difficult,and dynamic monitoring and evaluation indicators lagged;and poverty alleviation farmers had insufficient endogenous motivation,and the development of viable capacities was difficult.To address these problems,a poverty return risk management system should be established,that was“based on the establishment of a dynamic monitoring mechanism to prevent the return of poverty,with the promotion of income generation of poverty alleviation farmers as the fundamental requirement,the promotion of industrial development in the county as the main focus,and the enhancement of the viable capacity of poverty alleviation farmers to realize comprehensive development as the core”,so as to promote the effective connec⁃tion between consolidating and expanding the results of poverty eradication and rural revitalization.