老年2型糖尿病患者社会隔离发生现状及其影响因素

Status Quo of Social Isolation Among Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Influencing Factors

目的了解老年2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者社会隔离发生现状及影响因素。方法使用问卷调查2023年5-8月在北京市医院或社区医院就诊的老年T2DM患者的社会隔离现状;采用Logistic回归分析总体及各维度社会隔离发生的影响因素。结果397例老年T2DM患者中189例发生社会隔离,发生率为47.61%,其中家庭维度、朋友维度社会隔离的发生率分别为15.11%、49.37%。女性、退休、自理障碍、认知障碍、孤独感及中水平社会参与为社会隔离的危险因素,吸烟与中/高水平社会支持为保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论老年T2DM患者社会隔离发生率较高,朋友维度社会隔离发生率高于家庭维度。需关注女性、退休、有自理障碍、认知障碍、孤独感、低水平社会支持与社会参与的患者,采取措施减少其社会隔离的风险。

Objective To understand the status quo and influencing factors of social isolation among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Questionnaires were used to investigate the social isolation status of 405 elderly patients with T2DM from hospitals or communities in Beijing from May to August 2023.Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the social isolation overall and its two dimensions.Results Among 397 elderly patients with T2DM,189 of them experienced social isolation,with an incidence rate of 47.61%.The incidence of family dimension and friend dimension were 15.11%and 49.37%,respectively.Female,retirement,self-care disorder,cognitive impairment,loneliness and moderate-level social participation are risk factors for social isolation.Smoking and medium/high-level social support are protective factors(all P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence of social isolation in elderly patients with T2DM is higher.Incidence of friend isolation is significantly higher than that of family isolation.Attention should be paid to patients who are female or retired,or those with self-care disorders,cognitive impairment,loneliness,or low-level social support and social participation.Measures should be taken to reduce the risk of social isolation.