基于InVEST模型的渭河流域生境质量评估

Habitat quality assessment of the Weihe Basin based on the InVEST model

基于生态系统服务评估与权衡模型和ArcGIS软件探索2000-2020年渭河流域生境质量的时空变化,利用地形分布指数分析生境质量的地形梯度效应.结果表明, 20 a间,研究区土地利用变化主要包括耕地向建设用地和草地的转移,以及草地向耕地和林地的转移,不同类型之间的转移是影响局部生境质量变化的主要因素;生境质量的空间分布以中等生境为主,占比约57%,主要分布在关中城市群外围和西北部.低等生境占比约5%,但面积增长最快,增幅达到105.80%,原因是关中城市群的大面积扩张;研究区生境质量空间分布存在一定的正相关性,且聚集程度增加1.15%,局部自相关类型以高-高和低-低集聚为主,高-高集聚分布在研究区东北部黄土高原和南部秦岭北坡,低-低集聚分布在关中城市群;2020年生境质量具有显著的地形梯度效应,表现在生境质量等级随着地形梯度级别的增加而增加.

The spatial and temporal changes of habitat quality in the Weihe Basin were explored from 2000 to 2020 based on the integrated valuation of ecosystem service and tradeoff model and ArcGIS software,and the topographic gradient effect of habitat quality analyzed using the topographic distribution index.The results showed that the land use changes in the study area during the two decades mainly included the transfer of cropland to built-up land and grassland,and grassland to cropland and forest land.The transfer between different types was the main factor affecting local habitat quality changes;the spatial distribution of habitat quality was dominated by medium habitats,accounting for about 57%,which was mainly distributed in the periphery and northwest of the Guanzhong urban agglomeration in the study area.The smallest proportion was about 5%for lower habitats,but their area increased the fastest,i.e.by 105.80%,due to the large expansion of the agglomeration;the spatial distribution of habitat quality had some positive correlation and the degree of aggregation increased by 1.15%;the local autocorrelation types were dominated by high-high and low-low concentrations,with a high-high aggregation distributed in the Loess Plateau in the northeastern part of the study area and the northern slopes of the Qinling Mountains in the south,and low-low aggregation distributed in the Guanzhong urban agglomeration;the habitat quality in 2020 had a significant topographic gradient effect,which was manifested in that the habitat quality level increased with the increase in the topographic gradient level.