曹植《白马篇》创作时间再思考

Cao Zhi’s White Horse Creation Time to Think Again

五言诗《白马篇》是表现曹植理想的代表性诗歌,这首诗通过描写骁勇善战、忠贞报国的游侠儿英雄形象,寄寓了诗人“建永世之业、留金石之功”的强烈渴望。联系曹植的生平及创作经历,以曹丕称帝(220年)为界,明显分为前期、后期两个完全不同的时期。前期作品主要抒发理想与抱负,后期作品主要倾诉自己的不幸遭遇及被压抑的苦闷。因此,《白马篇》就被认为是曹植前期的作品,这是不够恰当的。曹植生活的后期,特别是曹叡统治时期,他的诗文并不仅仅表现苦闷与悲愤,同样具有强烈的建功立业的愿望,如《杂诗》及《求自试表》等。同时,《白马篇》所反映的匈奴、鲜卑叛乱的时间也大致在魏明帝太和四、五年(230-231年)。所以,《白马篇》应为曹植后期的作品。

The five-character poem The White Horse is a representative poem that expresses Cao Zhi’s ideal.This poem describes the image of the ranger who is brave and good at fighting and loyal to the country.It embodies the poet’s strong desire of“building eternal karma and retaining the work of the stone”.According to Cao Zhi’s life and creative experience,Cao PI declared emperor(220)as the boundary,obviously divided into the early and late two completely different periods.Therefore,The White Horse is considered to be Cao Zhi’s early works,which is not appropriate.In the later period of Cao Zhi’s life,especially in the reign of Cao Rui,his poems not only expressed sorrow and anger,but also had a strong desire to make achievements.Such as“miscellany poems”and“seeking self test table”and so on.At the same time,the rebellion of Xiongnu and Xianbei reflected in the White Horse was also roughly in the fourth and fifth(230-231)years of Emperor Taihe of the Wei Ming Dynasty.Therefore,The White Horse should be Cao Zhi’s later works.