论科学实践治理中“良序科学”关涉的三种理论形态

Three Theoretical Forms of“Well-Ordered Science”in Science Practice Governance

“良序科学”是科学民主化理论视野下一种公共协商式的理想模型。“良序科学”中的“科学”,突出了温和科学实在论尺度下的科学之辩护,具有价值负载特征的科学之目标,以及从个体善转向寻求集体善的科学之实践。“良序科学”意在从整体的维度揭示科学实践活动的良序性。通过建构一种新的解读模式,梳理了基切尔讨论科学民主化问题的轨迹,包括三种进阶式的具体理论形态,分别是良序的科学价值规范、良序的科学研究过程和良序的科学参与。这三种形态相互关联、相互渗透,统一于基切尔科学实践活动民主化的理论建构和实现路径上。“良序科学”所关涉的三种理论形态,有助于以新的、更加立体化的视角分析大科学时代科学的社会嵌入图景之转变。

“Well-ordered science”is an ideal model for public deliberation in the context of the theory of the democratization of science.The science in“well-ordered science”emphasizes the justification of science within the modest scientific realism and the aim for the value-loaden science.It also signifies the shift in science practice,transitioning from the pursuit of individual good to collective good.“Well-ordered science”is intended to reveal the well order of science practice in the holistic dimension.The article constructs a new interpretative framework,tracing the evolution of Kitcher′s discourse on the democratization of science,and involving three intrinsic forms,namely,well-ordered norms of value in science,well-ordered processes of science research,and well-ordered science engagement.These three forms are interconnected and unified in Kitcher′s theoretical construction and path to realizing the democratization of science practice.The three theoretical forms implicated in“well-ordered science”help analyze the transformation of the scientific picture embedded in society during the era of big science,offering fresh and more multidimensional perspectives.