有棱丝瓜种质资源在华南地区夏植的适应性评价

Adaptability Evaluation of the Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.Resources for Summer Planting in South China

为鉴定评价有棱丝瓜种质资源夏植的适应性,选育适宜在华南地区夏植的有棱丝瓜品种提供种质基础,本试验以广西玉林市夏植的44份有棱丝瓜种质资源为研究对象,分析各种质夏植中主要农艺性状,并对种质资源的11个主要农艺性状进行主成分分析、相关性分析、聚类分析等综合评价。结果表明,44个有棱丝瓜种质资源在夏植过程中主要农艺性状的表现差异较大。变异系数以单次采收产量折合产量变异较丰富,多样性指数以第一成瓜节位为最高。相关性分析发现,重要性状单次采收折合产量与全生育期长短和单瓜重呈极显著正相关,而与播种至始收天数和瓜花斑大小呈极显著负相关,与第一成瓜节位呈显著负相关。主成分分析将原有11个农艺性状指标转化为4个综合因素指标,累积贡献率达71.987%。通过聚类分析,将供试材料分为四大类群,其中第Ⅰ类群包括31份种质,属中低产类型;第Ⅱ类群包含1份种质,属晚熟高产类型;第Ⅲ类群包含1份种质,属长生育期高感霜霉病低产类型;第Ⅳ类群包括11份种质,属早熟高产类型。通过农艺性状综合对比分析,筛选出越夏产量表现较佳的5份种质:LCH8、LCH2、LCH4、LCH14、LCH25,适宜作为华南地区夏植品种选育的种质资源。

In order to identify and evaluate the adaptability of Luffa acutangula(L.)Roxb.for summer planting,and to provide germplasm basis for the Luffa acutangula(L.)Roxb.varieties suitable for summer planting in south China,this study took 44 Luffa acutangula(L.)Roxb.germplasm resources planted in summer in Yulin City as research objects,and the main agronomical characters of various resources in summer planting were analysed.The 11 main agronomic traits of Luffa acutangula(L.)Roxb.were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that the performance of main agronomical traits in the 44 resources varied greatly during summer planting.The variation coefficient of single harvest yield per mu was rich,and the diversity index was the highest in the first fruit node.Correlation analysis showed that the single harvest yield per mu was significantly correlated with the whole growth period and the weight per fruit,and was negatively correlated with the days from sown to first harvest,the size of fruit mottling,and the position of the first fruit node.The 11 agronomic traits were transformed into 4 comprehensive factor indicators by principal component analysis,with a cumulative contribution rate of 71.987%.Through cluster analysis,the tested materials were divided into 4 groups.The first group included 31 resources and belonged to the low-medium yield type.The second class contained 1 germplasm and was characterized by late maturity and high yield.ClassⅢcontained only 1 germplasm,with high downy mildew susceptibility and low yield during the long growth period.ClassⅣgermplasm consisted of 11 ones,a type of early ripening and high yield.5 germplasms(LCH8,LCH2,LCH4,LCH14 and LCH25)with better yield in the summer were selected by comprehensive comparative analysis of agrological traits,which were suitable for the breeding of summer planting varieties in South China.