“军国民”与“爱美”——梁启超审美启蒙话语的一体二面

“Militarism”and“Loving Beauty”:Two Sides of the Same Coin of Liang Qichao’s Aesthetic Enlightenment Discourses

梁启超前后期美学思想的差异,是中国近现代美学思想史中的典型问题。在清末语境下,梁启超的启蒙思想体现为“军国民”。在“军国民”动机之下提出的小说群治论,旨在塑造激进的民众政治性情。进入民国后,梁启超提出基于共通情感论的审美启蒙观,对传统文艺现象进行重新阐释,试图塑造“爱美”的现代公民人格。梁启超的问题意识转换,体现出近现代中国由“尚武”到“尚文”的观念转变。梁启超前后有别的两种审美启蒙话语实则是一体两面,都体现着他一以贯之的改造国民性、重建中华民族文明意识的知识人抱负。

The difference between Liang Qichao’s early and late aesthetic thoughts is a typical problem in the history of modern Chinese aesthetics.In the context of the late Qing Dynasty,Liang Qichao’s enlightenment thoughts were embodied as“Militarism”.Liang’s governance theory based on novels aims to shape a radical political character of the people.After entering the Republic of China,Liang proposed an aesthetic enlightenment view based on the theory of common senses,reinterpreted traditional literary and artistic experiences,and tried to shape a personality of modern citizens who“love beauty”.Liang Qichao’s transformation of problem consciousness demonstrated the shifting of ideas from militarism to literature in modern China.Liang Qichao’s two different aesthetic enlightenment discourses are actually two sides of the same coin,both embodying his intellectual ambition to transform national character and rebuild the civilization consciousness of the Chinese nation.