听障污名与亲职失权——听障父母健听子女家庭祖辈替代养育现象探析

Stigma of Hearing Disability and Parenting Disempowerment:Phenomenon Analysis of Grandparents’Substitute Parenting for the Hearing Children of Hearing-impaired Parents

养育子女是父母的职责和权利,但听障父母常被排除在外。本研究通过深度访谈和非参与式观察,探析听障父母健听子女家庭中祖辈替代养育现象。研究发现,听障父母的养育权普遍处于失权状态,祖辈掌控孙辈养育权,他们“再为父母”,主导孙辈的日常生活照料与.教育、掌控家庭经济权力,听障父母成为“隐形人”。这种替代养育现象的形成,有着深刻的社会文化根源,即对听障的污名,听障者常被视为“智商低、能力差”,缺乏教养子女的能力。手语作为听障污名标记,祖辈常阻止孙辈学习手语,甚至阻止孙辈接受母乳喂养,导致听障者亲职权利被剥夺。“去污名化”以及听障父母教养支持是听障父母育儿权利实现的必由之路。

As for parents,parenting their own children is their responsibility and right,but those with hearing disability are often excluded.Through in-depth interviews and non participant observation,we analyzed the phenomenon of grandparents’substitute parenting for the hearing children of hearing-impaired parents,and found that the hearing-impaired parents were often disempowered from exercising their parenting rights,while the grandparents controlled the parenting of their grandchildren,and dominated the daily care and education of grandchildren just like"becoming parents again",and controlled the financial issues of the family,and hearing-impaired parents almost became“invisible”persons.The formation of this phenomenon of substitute parenting has a profound social and cultural root,that is,the stigma of hearing disability,persons with hearing disability may often be regarded as having a“low” intelligence quotient,“poor”ability and insufficient parenting ability.The grandparents prevent their grandchildren from learning sign language since sign language is a stigma marker for hearing disability and from being breastfed in infancy by the hearing-impaired mother,resulting in the deprivation of parental rights for hearing-impaired parents.“De-stigmatization”and parenting support for hearing-impaired parents are the necessary ways to secure the parenting rights of hearing-impaired parents.