美国、英国与战后德国的分裂(1945~1949)

The United States,Britain and the Division of Germany(1945-1949)

二战后,美国、英国与苏联在德国问题上的分歧和矛盾越来越深。西方国家改变了原来的对德政策,由分割、限制和打击转为扶植,力图把德国纳入其势力范围,使其成为对抗苏联的重要力量。随着美苏关系的紧张,美国进一步加快了分裂德国的步伐,德国成为欧洲冷战的焦点,并由此出现了所谓第一次柏林危机,形成战后第一次美苏冷战高潮。这次危机不仅导致了德国乃至欧洲的分裂局面,也揭示出美苏冷战的基本特征。

In the early world war Ⅱ period,the contradictions between the Western powers and the Soviet Union over Germany became increasingly serious.The Western countries changed their original policy toward Germany,trying to incorporate Germany into their sphere of influence and make it an important balance against the Soviet Union.With the rising tension between the U.S.and the Soviet Union,the U.S.further accelerated the pace of dividing Germany,which became the focus of the Cold War in Europe,and thus emerged the so-called first Berlin Crisis,forming the climax of the first U.S.-Soviet Cold War after the World War Ⅱ.This crisis not only established the division of Germany and even Europe,but also revealed the basic features of the U.S.-Soviet Cold War.