试论井上哲次郎对《教育敕语》解释的变化——以《敕语衍义》的三个版本为中心

Changes of Inoue Tetsujiro's“Interpretation of Imperial Rescript”on Education--Based on Three Versions of“Chokugoengi”

1890年10月30日颁布的《教育敕语》确立了日本近代教育的基本方针,而井上哲次郎撰述的《敕语衍义》作为《教育敕语》的官方解释书,推动了《教育敕语》的理念普及到国民教育中。但随着日本国内外局势的发展,井上也不断对《敕语衍义》加以修订,从而刊行了1899年的《增订敕语衍义》与1942年的《释明教育敕语衍义》。通过比较分析三个版本,发现井上始终强调《教育敕语》中的道德德目并非儒教道德,而是日本固有之道德,并不断凸显日本国体的优越性。同时,他从重视个人对国家的责任与义务到否定个人的主体性,将个人的价值依附于国家目的的实现上。进而发现,井上的敕语解释逐渐演变为具有侵略性质的民族主义。而其思想的变化发展也反映出井上违背学者良心,服务日本对外扩展的现实。

The“Imperial Rescript on Education”,promulgated on October 30,1890,has set the basic policy for modern Japanese education.The“Chokugoengi”by Inoue Tetsujirō,as the official interpretation of the“Imperial Rescript on Education”,promoted and the popularized the concept of the“Imperial Rescript on Education”in national education.However,with the development of domestic and international situation,Inoue kept revising the original version of“Chokugoengi”and then published“zoteichokugoengi”in 1899 as well as“shakumeikyōikuchokugoengi”in 1942.The comparison and analysis on the changes of these three versions reveal that Inoue emphasized that the morality of the“Imperial Rescript on Education”are not Confucian morality,but the inherent morality in Japan.He constantly highlighted the superiority of the Japanese state system.At the same time,he shifted from emphasizing the individual responsibility and obligation to the state to denying the subjectivity of individuals and combining individual values with the fulfillment of the national purpose.It is also found that Inoue’s interpretation has gradually evolved aggressive nationalism,which reflects that the reality of Inoue violating the conscience of schcolars and serving Japan’s external expansion.